{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:33:45Z","timestamp":1790188425944,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]],"date-time":"2020-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584489600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X20000203_as1\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Short-term peripheral venous catheter\u2013related bloodstream infection (PVCR-BSI) rates have not been systematically studied in resource-limited countries, and data on their incidence by number of device days are not available.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X20000203_as2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective, surveillance study on PVCR-BSI conducted from September 1, 2013, to May 31, 2019, in 727 intensive care units (ICUs), by members of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC), from 268 hospitals in 141 cities of 42 countries of Africa, the Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, South East Asia, and Western Pacific regions. For this research, we applied definition and criteria of the CDC NHSN, methodology of the INICC, and software named INICC Surveillance Online System.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X20000203_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We followed 149,609 ICU patients for 731,135 bed days and 743,508 short-term peripheral venous catheter (PVC) days. We identified 1,789 PVCR-BSIs for an overall rate of 2.41 per 1,000 PVC days. Mortality in patients with PVC but without PVCR-BSI was 6.67%, and mortality was 18% in patients with PVC and PVCR-BSI. The length of stay of patients with PVC but without PVCR-BSI was 4.83 days, and the length of stay was 9.85 days in patients with PVC and PVCR-BSI. Among these infections, the microorganism profile showed 58% gram-negative bacteria: <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (16%), <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> spp (11%), <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (6%), <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic> spp (4%), and others (20%) including <jats:italic>Serratia marcescens<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> were the predominant gram-positive bacteria (12%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X20000203_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>PVCR-BSI rates in INICC ICUs were much higher than rates published from industrialized countries. Infection prevention programs must be implemented to reduce the incidence of PVCR-BSIs in resource-limited countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]],"date-time":"2020-03-18T03:59:27Z","timestamp":1584503967000},"page":"553-563","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Six-year multicenter study on short-term peripheral venous catheters-related bloodstream infection rates in 727 intensive care units of 268 hospitals in 141 cities of 42 countries of Africa, the Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, South East Asia, and Western Pacific Regions: International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) findings"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"V\u00edctor Daniel","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ider","family":"Bat-Erdene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debkishore","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Souad","family":"Belkebir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasad","family":"Rajhans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farid","family":"Zand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila Nainan","family":"Myatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majeda","family":"Afeef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vito L.","family":"Tanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Muralidharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hail M.","family":"Al-Abdely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amani","family":"El-Kholy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safa A. Aziz","family":"AlKhawaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Pekcan","family":"Demiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yatin","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vineya","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Viet","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amani F.","family":"Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estuardo","family":"Salgado-Yepez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naheed","family":"Elahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"del Rayo Morfin-Otero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Montri","family":"Luxsuwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Braulio Matias","family":"De-Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey Rose D.","family":"Tapang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Velmira Angelova","family":"Velinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Marcela","family":"Quesada-Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Anguseva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aamer","family":"Ikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisy","family":"Aguilar-de-Moros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wieslawa","family":"Duszynska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nepomuceno","family":"Mejia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florin George","family":"Horhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladislav","family":"Belskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vesna","family":"Mioljevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Di-Silvestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarina","family":"Furova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"May Osman","family":"Gamar-Elanbya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umesh","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Abidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lul","family":"Raka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuqin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kushlani","family":"Jayatilleke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najla","family":"Ben-Jaballah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harrison Ronald","family":"Sandoval-Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Trotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra L.","family":"Valderrama-Beltr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hakan","family":"Leblebicioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Humberto","family":"Guanche-Garcell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"de Lourdes-Due\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref18","unstructured":"18. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). Patient safety component manual: centers for disease control and prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nhsn\/pdfs\/pscmanual\/pcsmanual_current.pdf. Published 2019. Accessed January 27, 2020."},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-145-8-200610170-00007"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/81.9.1159"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref63","unstructured":"63. The NHSN standardized utilization ratio (SUR): a guide to the SUR. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nhsn\/pdfs\/ps-analysis-resources\/nhsn-sur-guide-508.pdf. Published 2019. Accessed January 25, 2019."},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2017.11.021"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref2","first-page":"93","article-title":"Failed attempts and improvement strategies in peripheral intravenous catheterization","volume":"23","author":"Sabri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed Mater Eng"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref13","unstructured":"13. Infusion Nurses Society. Infusion Therapy Standards of Practice 2016 (Infusion Nursing Standards of Practice: Journal of Infusion Nursing). 5th edition. Infusion Nurses Society; 2016."},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.03.043"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12788\/jhm.3039"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2014.05.029"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2007.04.058"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2013.07.007"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix562"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja13.10735"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/657140"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.01.005"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref47","first-page":"31290","article-title":"Impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium\u2019s multidimensional approach on rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia in 14 intensive care units in 11 hospitals of 5 cities within Argentina","volume":"6553","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2018.06.010"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref54","article-title":"Multicenter study in intensive care units in 5 cities from Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) multidimensional approach on rates of central-line\u2013associated infection","author":"Al-Abdely","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Prev"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-013-0407-1"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref14","article-title":"Bundle of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) to prevent central and peripheral line-related bloodstream infections","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/522261"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref55","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effectiveness of a multidimensional approach for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in 21 adult intensive-care units from 10 cities in India: findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC)","author":"Mehta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12049"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0000000000000326"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref52","first-page":"230","article-title":"Multicenter study in Malaysia: impact of a multidimensional International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) approach on ventilator-associated pneumonia rates and mortality in intensive care units","volume":"31","author":"Gan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Infect Control"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182657916"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir257"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idh.2019.03.001"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1757177416655472"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2011.12.018"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/666341"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2536-0"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-011-0136-2"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref51","article-title":"Impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC)\u2019s multidimensional approach on rates of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in intensive care units in 22 hospitals 14 cities of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","author":"Al-Abdely","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect Prev"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref22","unstructured":"22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\/National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). CDC\/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nhsn\/. Published 2013. Accessed August 2015."},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw072"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.java.2017.07.004"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2016.72"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2016.05.020"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref64","unstructured":"64. The NHSN standardized infection ratio (SIR): a guide to the SIR. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nhsn\/pdfs\/ps-analysis-resources\/nhsn-sir-guide.pdf. Published 2019. Accessed May 27, 2019."},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref20","unstructured":"20. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\/National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). CDC\/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nhsn\/. Published 2017. Accessed March 6, 2017."},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.08.007"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2349-3933.ijam20182121"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref19","unstructured":"19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\/National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). CDC\/NHSN surveillance definition of healthcare-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nhsn\/. Published 2019. Accessed July 6, 2019."},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2011.05.020"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/666342"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.06.003"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2013.01.028"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1757177418759745"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e318238b260"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/674398"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref21","unstructured":"21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\/National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). CDC\/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nhsn\/. Published 2016. Accessed March 3, 2016."},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref48","first-page":"1","article-title":"Impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC)'s multidimensional approach on rates of central line-associated bloodstream infection in 14 intensive care units in 11 hospitals of 5 cities in Argentina","volume":"12","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-012-0246-5"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.java.2016.03.001"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref23","article-title":"International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 45 countries for 2012\u20132017: device-associated module","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2011.08.005"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2004.05.007"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S74685"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2018.06.002"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168637"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-012-0278-x"},{"key":"S0899823X20000203_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-12-10"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0899823X20000203","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T09:17:22Z","timestamp":1604567842000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0899823X20000203\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0899823X20000203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2020.20","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]]}}}