{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T09:41:43Z","timestamp":1785058903834,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589155200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X20002226_as7\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether ambient air pollutants and meteorological variables are associated with daily COVID-19 incidence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X20002226_as1\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cohort from January 25 to February 29, 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X20002226_as2\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cities of Wuhan, Xiaogan, and Huanggang, China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X20002226_as3\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Patients:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The COVID-19 cases detected each day.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X20002226_as4\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We collected daily data of COVID-19 incidence, 8 ambient air pollutants (particulate matter of \u22642.5 \u00b5m [PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>], particulate matter \u226410 \u00b5m [PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>], sulfur dioxide [SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>], carbon monoxide [CO], nitrogen dioxide [NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>], and maximum 8-h moving average concentrations for ozone [O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-8h]) and 3 meteorological variables (temperature, relative humidity, and wind) in China\u2019s 3 worst COVID-19\u2013stricken cities during the study period. The multivariate Poisson regression was performed to understand their correlation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X20002226_as5\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Daily COVID-19 incidence was positively associated with PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> and humidity in all cities. Specifically, the relative risk (RR) of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> for daily COVID-19 incidences were 1.036 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.032\u20131.039) in Wuhan, 1.059 (95% CI, 1.046\u20131.072) in Xiaogan, and 1.144 (95% CI, 1.12\u20131.169) in Huanggang. The RR of humidity for daily COVID-19 incidence was consistently lower than that of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>, and this difference ranged from 0.027 to 0.111. Moreover, PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> and temperature also exhibited a notable correlation with daily COVID-19 incidence, but in a negative pattern The RR of PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> for daily COVID-19 incidence ranged from 0.915 (95% CI, 0.896\u20130.934) to 0.961 (95% CI, 0.95\u20130.972, while that of temperature ranged from 0.738 (95% CI, 0.717\u20130.759) to 0.969 (95% CI, 0.966\u20130.973).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X20002226_as6\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data show that PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> and humidity are substantially associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 and that PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> and temperature are substantially associated with a decreased risk of COVID-19.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T03:51:18Z","timestamp":1589169078000},"page":"1011-1015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Effect of ambient air pollutants and meteorological variables on COVID-19 incidence"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Jun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6828-655X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan-Jun","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X20002226_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2004973"},{"key":"S0899823X20002226_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138513"},{"key":"S0899823X20002226_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101578"},{"key":"S0899823X20002226_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.09.013"},{"key":"S0899823X20002226_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061168"},{"key":"S0899823X20002226_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2888-5"},{"key":"S0899823X20002226_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-012420-022445"},{"key":"S0899823X20002226_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1902840116"},{"key":"S0899823X20002226_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfi141"},{"key":"S0899823X20002226_ref40","unstructured":"40. 66. 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All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}