{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:07:45Z","timestamp":1791929265714,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630627200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X21003627_as1\"><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on healthcare-associated infection (HAI) incidence in US hospitals, national- and state-level standardized infection ratios (SIRs) were calculated for each quarter in 2020 and compared to those from 2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X21003627_as2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Central\u2013line\u2013associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), ventilator-associated events (VAEs), select surgical site infections, and <jats:italic>Clostridioides difficile<\/jats:italic> and methicillin-resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (MRSA) bacteremia laboratory-identified events reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network for 2019 and 2020 by acute-care hospitals were analyzed. SIRs were calculated for each HAI and quarter by dividing the number of reported infections by the number of predicted infections, calculated using 2015 national baseline data. Percentage changes between 2019 and 2020 SIRs were calculated. Supporting analyses, such as an assessment of device utilization in 2020 compared to 2019, were also performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X21003627_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant increases in the national SIRs for CLABSI, CAUTI, VAE, and MRSA bacteremia were observed in 2020. Changes in the SIR varied by quarter and state. The largest increase was observed for CLABSI, and significant increases in VAE incidence and ventilator utilization were seen across all 4 quarters of 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X21003627_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This report provides a national view of the increases in HAI incidence in 2020. These data highlight the need to return to conventional infection prevention and control practices and build resiliency in these programs to withstand future pandemics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2021.362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T14:28:19Z","timestamp":1630592899000},"page":"12-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":292,"title":["The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on healthcare-associated infections in 2020: A summary of data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7327-9108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsey M.","family":"Weiner-Lastinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaishnavi","family":"Pattabiraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca Y.","family":"Konnor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prachi R.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunny Y.","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan R.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret A.","family":"Dudeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X21003627_ref22","article-title":"Random effects meta-analysis of COVID-19\/S. aureus partnership in coinfection","author":"Adeiza","year":"2020","journal-title":"GMS Hyg Infect Control"},{"key":"S0899823X21003627_ref13","unstructured":"13. Data Archive: National and State HAI Progress Reports or SIR Reports. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hai\/data\/archive\/archive.html. Accessed April 30, 2021."},{"key":"S0899823X21003627_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.04.007"},{"key":"S0899823X21003627_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.873"},{"key":"S0899823X21003627_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2021.148"},{"key":"S0899823X21003627_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.556"},{"key":"S0899823X21003627_ref16","unstructured":"16. National Healthcare Safety Network patient safety component manual. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nhsn\/pdfs\/pscmanual\/pcsmanual_current.pdf. Updated January 2021. Accessed May 10, 2021."},{"key":"S0899823X21003627_ref19","unstructured":"19. 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Accessed April 30, 2021."},{"key":"S0899823X21003627_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2021.70"},{"key":"S0899823X21003627_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2021.108"},{"key":"S0899823X21003627_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03560-2"},{"key":"S0899823X21003627_ref6","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 response on central-line\u2013associated bloodstream infections and blood culture contamination rates at a tertiary-care center in greater Detroit area","author":"LeRose","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"S0899823X21003627_ref3","article-title":"Changes in the number of intensive care unit beds in US hospitals during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, as reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network\u2019s COVID-19 module","author":"Weiner-Lastinger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol."}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0899823X21003627","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T10:36:48Z","timestamp":1642588608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0899823X21003627\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0899823X21003627"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2021.362","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}