{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T05:21:54Z","timestamp":1771305714359,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658880000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X22001623_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Novel approaches are needed to understand and disrupt <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> transmission. In this proof-of-concept study, we investigated the use of environmental air samplings to detect and quantify <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> in different clinic settings in a high-burden area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X22001623_as2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional, environmental sampling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X22001623_as3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary-care clinic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X22001623_as4\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A portable, high-flow dry filter unit (DFU) was used to draw air through polyester felt filters for 2 hours. Samples were collected in the waiting area and TB room of a primary care clinic. Controls included sterile filters placed directly into collection tubes at the DFU sampling site, and filter samplings performed outdoors. DNA was extracted from the filters, and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) was used to quantify <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> DNA copies. Carbon dioxide (CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) data loggers captured CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> concentrations in the sampled areas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X22001623_as5\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median sampling time was 123 minutes (interquartile range [IQR], 121\u2013126). A median of 121 (IQR, 35\u2013243) <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> DNA copies were obtained from 74 clinic samplings, compared to a median of 3 (IQR, 1\u201333; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) obtained from 47 controls. At a threshold of 320 DNA copies, specificity was 100%, and 18% of clinic samples would be classified as positive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X22001623_as6\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This proof-of-concept study suggests that the potential for airborne <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> detection based on <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> DNA copy yield to enable the identification of high-risk transmission locations. Further optimization of the <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> extraction technique and ddPCR data analysis would improve detection and enable robust interpretation of these data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2022.162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T04:55:34Z","timestamp":1658897734000},"page":"774-779","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Environmental air sampling for detection and quantification of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i> in clinical settings: Proof of concept"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9922-4263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keren","family":"Middelkoop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5897-4196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia S.","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeenat","family":"Hoosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5477-7809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wayne","family":"Bryden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2521-0402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles","family":"Call","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0357-7222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronnett","family":"Seldon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4146-0930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Digby F.","family":"Warner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5967-251X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason R.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X22001623_ref24","volume-title":"NIOSH Evaluation of Air Sampling Methodologies for Bacillus Anthracis in a United States Postal Service, Processing and Distribution Center","year":"2004"},{"key":"S0899823X22001623_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.18.0218"},{"key":"S0899823X22001623_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/gatesopenres.12758.1"},{"key":"S0899823X22001623_ref3","unstructured":"3. 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}