{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T21:47:44Z","timestamp":1747172864139,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666224000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X22002434_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Morbidity and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been significant among elderly residents of residential aged-care services (RACS). To prevent incursions of COVID-19 in RACS in Australia, visitors were banned and aged-care workers were encouraged to work at a single site. We conducted a review of case notes and a social network analysis to understand how workplace and social networks enabled the spread of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among RACS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X22002434_as2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective outbreak review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X22002434_as3\"><jats:title>Setting and participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Staff involved in COVID-19 outbreaks in RACS in Victoria, Australia, May\u2013October 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X22002434_as4\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Victorian Department of Health COVID-19 case and contact data were reviewed to construct 2 social networks: (1) a work network connecting RACS through workers and (2) a household network connecting to RACS through households. Probable index cases were reviewed to estimate the number and size (number of resident cases and deaths) of outbreaks likely initiated by multisite work versus transmission via households.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X22002434_as5\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 2,033 cases linked to an outbreak as staff, 91 (4.5%) were multisite staff cases. Forty-three outbreaks were attributed to multisite work and 35 were deemed potentially preventable had staff worked at a single site. In addition, 99 staff cases were linked to another RACS outbreak through their household contacts, and 21 outbreaks were attributed to staff\u2013household transmission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X22002434_as6\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Limiting worker mobility through single-site policies could reduce the chances of SARS-CoV-2 spreading from one RACS to another. However, initiatives that reduce the chance of transmission via household networks would also be needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2022.243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T06:47:07Z","timestamp":1666248427000},"page":"1334-1341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) via staff work and household networks in residential aged-care services in Victoria, Australia, May\u2013October 2020"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Sheena G.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5323-3479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni Radhitio P.","family":"Sadewo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia M.","family":"Brotherton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4970-7843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessie J.","family":"Goldsmith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Whiting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1539-4439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Logan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose T.","family":"Canevari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"Lusher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X22002434_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100297","article-title":"Population-based analysis of the epidemiological features of COVID-19 epidemics in Victoria, Australia, January 2020\u2013March 2021, and their suppression through comprehensive control strategies","volume":"17","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"key":"S0899823X22002434_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix072"},{"key":"S0899823X22002434_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14467"},{"key":"S0899823X22002434_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2785588"},{"key":"S0899823X22002434_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaan0093","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aan0093","article-title":"Integrated genomic and interfacility patient-transfer data reveal the transmission pathways of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a regional outbreak","volume":"9","author":"Snitkin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"S0899823X22002434_ref39","unstructured":"39. 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}