{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T07:25:58Z","timestamp":1771658758715,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645142400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X22000319_as1\"><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyze the frequency and rates of community respiratory virus infections detected in patients at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (NIHCC) between January 2015 and March 2021, comparing the trends before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X22000319_as2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective study comparing frequency and rates of community respiratory viruses detected in NIHCC patients between January 2015 and March 2021. Test results from nasopharyngeal swabs and washes, bronchoalveolar lavages, and bronchial washes were included in this study. Results from viral-challenge studies and repeated positives were excluded. A quantitative data analysis was completed using cross tabulations. Comparisons were performed using mixed models, applying the Dunnett correction for multiplicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X22000319_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Frequency of all respiratory pathogens declined from an annual range of 0.88%\u20131.97% between January 2015 and March 2020 to 0.29% between April 2020 and March 2021. Individual viral pathogens declined sharply in frequency during the same period, with no cases of influenza A\/B orparainfluenza and 1 case of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Rhino\/enterovirusdetection continued, but with a substantially lower frequency of 4.27% between April 2020 and March 2021, compared with an annual range of 8.65%\u201318.28% between January 2015 and March 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X22000319_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The decrease in viral respiratory infections detected in NIHCC patients during the pandemic was likely due to the layered COVID-19 prevention and mitigation measures implemented in the community and the hospital. Hospitals should consider continuing the use of nonpharmaceutical interventions in the future to prevent nosocomial transmission of respiratory viruses during times of high community viral load.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2022.31","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T09:59:51Z","timestamp":1645178391000},"page":"62-67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Sharp decline in rates of community respiratory viral detection among patients at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3490-1061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele E.","family":"Woolbert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine D.","family":"Spalding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4045-1386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ninet","family":"Sinaii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3404-9115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brooke K.","family":"Decker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3218-2905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tara N.","family":"Palmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David K.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X22000319_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27048"},{"key":"S0899823X22000319_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-021-00509-4"},{"key":"S0899823X22000319_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/21257"},{"key":"S0899823X22000319_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1911083116"},{"key":"S0899823X22000319_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab485"},{"key":"S0899823X22000319_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy184"},{"key":"S0899823X22000319_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v47i03a04"},{"key":"S0899823X22000319_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1475"},{"key":"S0899823X22000319_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2021.337"},{"key":"S0899823X22000319_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12884"},{"key":"S0899823X22000319_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6937a6"},{"key":"S0899823X22000319_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.14.40.19354-en"},{"key":"S0899823X22000319_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.29.2100186"},{"key":"S0899823X22000319_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e068302","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-068302","article-title":"Effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and COVID-19 mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"375","author":"Talic","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"S0899823X22000319_ref40","unstructured":"40. 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}