{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:04:57Z","timestamp":1790881497444,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684108800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X2300048X_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To establish the epidemiology of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections in Alberta, Canada, using validated administrative data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X2300048X_as2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective, population-based cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X2300048X_as3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alberta Health Services is a province-wide health system that services all of Alberta, Canada.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X2300048X_as4\"><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adult patients who underwent first-time CIED implantation or generator replacement in Alberta, Canada, between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X2300048X_as5\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>CIED implant patients were identified from the Paceart database. Patients who developed an infection within 1 year of the index procedure were identified through validated administrative data (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision in Canada). Demographic characteristics of patients were summarized. Logistic regression models were used to analyze device type, comorbidities, and demographics associated with infection rates and mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X2300048X_as6\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 27,830 CIED implants, there were 205 infections (0.74%). Having 2 or more comorbidities was associated with higher infection risk. Generator replacement procedures (odds ratio [OR], 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34\u20130.84; P = .008), age increase of every 10 years (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.66\u20130.82; P \u2264 .001), and index procedure after 2014 were associated with decreased risk. Comparing the infected to uninfected groups, the hospitalization rates were 2.63 compared to 0.69, and the mortality rates were 10.73% compared to 3.49%, respectively (P &lt; .001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X2300048X_as7\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a slightly lower overall rate of CIED infections Alberta, Canada compared to previously described epidemiology. Implants after 2014, and generator replacements showed a decreased burden of infection. Patients with younger age, and 2 or more comorbidities are at greatest risk of CIED infection. The burden of hospitalization and mortality is substantially higher in infected patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2023.48","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T11:14:22Z","timestamp":1684149262000},"page":"1607-1613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Complex cardiac implantable electronic device infections in Alberta, Canada: An epidemiologic cohort study of validated administrative data"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0834-4150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teagan L.","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek S.","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenine","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristine","family":"Cannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek V.","family":"Exner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Larios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Bush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9884-6423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elissa","family":"Rennert-May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X2300048X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531e40","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eus337","article-title":"Rate, causes, and impact on patient outcome of implantable device complications requiring surgical revision: large population survey from two centres in Italy","volume":"15","author":"Palmisano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"S0899823X2300048X_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.09.060","article-title":"Risk factors for infections involving cardiac implanted electronic devices","volume":"74","author":"Birnie","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"S0899823X2300048X_ref12","unstructured":"12. 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