{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T02:57:13Z","timestamp":1791341833074,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X2300065X_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ways that device-associated infection prevention practices changed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remain unknown. We collected data mid-pandemic to assess the use of several infection prevention practices and for comparison with historical data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X2300065X_as2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Repeated cross-sectional survey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X2300065X_as3\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>US acute-care hospitals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X2300065X_as4\"><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infection preventionists.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X2300065X_as5\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We surveyed infection preventionists from a national random sample of 881 US acute-care hospitals in 2021 to estimate the current use of practices to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), central line\u2013associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), and ventilator-associated events (VAE). We compared the 2021 results with those from surveys occurring every 4 years since 2005.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X2300065X_as6\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 2021 survey response rate was 47%; previous survey response rates ranged from 59% to 72%. Regular use of most practices to prevent CLABSI (chlorhexidine gluconate for site antisepsis, 99.0%, and maximum sterile barrier precautions, 98.7%) and VAE (semirecumbent positioning, 93.4%, and sedation vacation, 85.8%) continued to increase or plateaued in 2021. Conversely, use of several CAUTI prevention practices (portable bladder ultrasound scanner, 65.6%; catheter reminders or nurse-initiated discontinuation, 66.3%; and intermittent catheterization, 37.3%) was lower in 2021, with a significant decrease for some practices compared to 2017 (P \u2264 .02 for all comparisons). In 2021, 42.1% of hospitals reported regular use of the newer external urinary collection devices for women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X2300065X_as7\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although regular use of CLABSI and VAE preventive practices continued to increase (or plateaued), use of several CAUTI preventive practices decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Structural issues relating to care during the pandemic may have contributed to a decrease in device-associated infection prevention practices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2023.65","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T07:42:01Z","timestamp":1685605321000},"page":"1913-1919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["What US hospitals are doing to prevent common device-associated infections during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: Results from a national survey in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9579-6990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay","family":"Saint","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7175-0832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Todd","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2111-8131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah L.","family":"Krein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8274-8407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen E.","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5352-4738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"Linder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ratz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Meddings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2014-003870"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.1259"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2022.87"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2022.116"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-011-1935-y"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated pneumonia, 2003: recommendations of CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee","volume":"53","author":"Tablan","year":"2004","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref26","first-page":"e11113","article-title":"Effect of a Female external urinary catheter on incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infection","volume":"12","author":"Zavodnick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WON.0000000000000601"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-1304"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2011.01.003"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.10.023"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651091"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801550"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780197509159.001.0001"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref7","first-page":"S89","article-title":"Strategies to prevent central-line\u2013associated bloodstream infections in acute-care hospitals: 2014 update","volume":"2","author":"Marschall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504906"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0899823X00193857"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-3533"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2017-007573"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-136-11-200206040-00007"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.00785.x"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/657912"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref34","unstructured":"34. National Healthcare Safety Network. Ventilator-Associated Event (VAE). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nhsn\/PDFs\/pscManual\/10-VAE_FINAL.pdf. Published 2023 Accessed March 7, 2023."},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/524662"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2018-009111"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-3469"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1999.tb01567.x"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/675718"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/677144"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32834748e5"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab688"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03552-2"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref15","volume-title":"Mail and Internet Surveys: The Tailored Design Method","author":"Dillman","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0899823X2300065X_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idh.2022.05.005"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0899823X2300065X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T10:16:34Z","timestamp":1703758594000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0899823X2300065X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0899823X2300065X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2023.65","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 2023","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is a work of the US Government and is not subject to copyright protection within the United States. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}