{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:22:03Z","timestamp":1781742123817,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707868800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X24000114_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To understand how healthcare facilities employ contact precautions for patients with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in the post\u2013coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era and explore changes since 2014.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X24000114_as2\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional survey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X24000114_as3\"><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Emerging Infections Network (EIN) physicians involved in infection prevention or hospital epidemiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X24000114_as4\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In September 2022, we sent via email an 8-question survey on contact precautions and adjunctive measures to reduce MDRO transmission in inpatient facilities. We also asked about changes since the COVID-19 pandemic. We used descriptive statistics to summarize data and compared results to a similar survey administered in 2014.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X24000114_as5\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 708 EIN members, 283 (40%) responded to the survey and 201 reported working in infection prevention. A majority of facilities (66% and 69%) routinely use contact precautions for methicillin-resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) respectively, compared to 93% and 92% in 2014. Nearly all (&gt;90%) use contact precautions for <jats:italic>Candida auris<\/jats:italic>, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), and carbapenem-resistant <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>. More variability was reported for carbapenem-resistant <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> and extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase\u2013producing gram-negative organisms. Compared to 2014, fewer hospitals perform active surveillance for MRSA and VRE. Overall, 90% of facilities used chlorhexidine gluconate bathing in all or select inpatients, and 53% used ultraviolet light or hydrogen peroxide vapor disinfection at discharge. Many respondents (44%) reported changes to contact precautions since COVID-19 that remain in place.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0899823X24000114_as6\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Heterogeneity exists in the use of transmission-based precautions and adjunctive infection prevention measures aimed at reducing MDRO transmission. This variation reflects a need for updated and specific guidance, as well as further research on the use of contact precautions in healthcare facilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2024.11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T08:27:31Z","timestamp":1707899251000},"page":"703-708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Implementation of contact precautions for multidrug-resistant organisms in the post\u2013COVID-19 pandemic era: An updated national Emerging Infections Network (EIN) survey"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9924-0458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica R.","family":"Howard-Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7473-6964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsey B.","family":"Gottlieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0278-506X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan E.","family":"Beekmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip M.","family":"Polgreen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9811-6260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse T.","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9800-3482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Z.","family":"Uslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X24000114_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2007.10.006","article-title":"Management of multidrug-resistant organisms in healthcare settings","volume":"35","author":"Siegel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"S0899823X24000114_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa071","article-title":"Acquisition of antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria in the Benefits of Universal Glove and Gown (BUGG) cluster randomized trial","volume":"72","author":"Harris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"S0899823X24000114_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2007.10.007","article-title":"2007 Guideline for isolation precautions: preventing transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings","volume":"35","author":"Siegel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"S0899823X24000114_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.21122","article-title":"The importance of contact precautions for endemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci","volume":"319","author":"Rubin","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"S0899823X24000114_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.06.219","article-title":"Stopping the routine use of contact precautions for management of MRSA and VRE at three academic medical centers: an interrupted time series analysis","volume":"48","author":"Haessler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"S0899823X24000114_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30626-7","article-title":"Contact isolation versus standard precautions to decrease acquisition of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase\u2013producing Enterobacterales in noncritical care wards: a cluster-randomised crossover trial","volume":"20","author":"Maechler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"S0899823X24000114_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2022.116","article-title":"Continued increases in the incidence of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) during the second year of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic","volume":"44","author":"Lastinger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"S0899823X24000114_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2207252","article-title":"Confronting health worker burnout and 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}