{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:50:59Z","timestamp":1790722259935,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752451200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25102146_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sponge-Sticks (SS) and ESwabs are frequently utilized for detection of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in the environment. Head-to-head comparisons of SS and ESwabs across recovery endpoints are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25102146_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We compared MDRO culture and non-culture-based recovery from (1) ESwabs, (2) cellulose-containing SS (CS), and (3)\u00a0polyurethane-containing SS (PCS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25102146_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Known quantities of each MDRO were pipetted on a stainless-steel surface and swabbed by each method. Samples were processed, cultured, and underwent colony counting. DNA was extracted from sample eluates, quantified, and underwent metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). MDROs underwent whole genome sequencing (WGS). MDRO recovery from paired patient perirectal and PCS-collected environmental samples from clinical studies was determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25102146_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Laboratory experiment, tertiary medical center, and long-term acute care facility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25102146_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Culture-based recovery varied across MDRO taxa, it was highest for vancomycin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and lowest for carbapenem-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      (CRPA). Culture-based recovery was significantly higher for SS compared to ESwabs except for CRPA, where all methods performed poorly. Nucleic acid recovery varied across methods and MDRO taxa. Integrated WGS and mNGS analysis resulted in successful detection of antimicrobial resistance genes, construction of high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes, and detection of MDRO genomes in environmental metagenomes across methods. In paired patient and environmental samples, multidrug-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa (<\/jats:italic>\n                      MDRP) environmental recovery was notably poor (0\/123), despite detection of MDRP in patient samples (20\/123).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25102146_as6\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings support the use of SS for the recovery of MDROs. Pitfalls of each method should be noted. Method selection should be driven by MDRO target and desired endpoint.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2025.10214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T12:36:32Z","timestamp":1752496592000},"page":"837-844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of swabbing methods for culture and non-culture-based recovery of multidrug-resistant organisms from environmental surfaces"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0578-4871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Babiker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Van Riel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7552-1714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Lohsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0999-7356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Strudwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8413-2681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eli","family":"Wilber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6181-4599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Woodworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3059-0342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Satola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X25102146_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2018.182"},{"key":"S0899823X25102146_ref8","unstructured":"8. Centers for Disease Control. Surface Sampling Procedures for Bacillus anthracis Spores from Smooth, Non-porous Surfaces. 2012. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/anthrax\/php\/surface-sampling\/index.html. Accessed 12 Dec 2024."},{"key":"S0899823X25102146_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Strudwick, AF , Suchindran, D , Lohsen, S , et al. Prevalence of Toxigenic and Non-Toxigenic C. difficile in Patients Admitted to an Academic-Affiliated Long Term Acute Care Hospital. Paper presented at: In: Program and abstracts of the Annual Scientific Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) IDWeek; Oct. 11-15, 2023. Boston, MA. 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Centers for Disease Control. Environmental Infection Control Guidelines 2023. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/infection-control\/hcp\/environmental-control\/environmental-sampling.html#toc. Accessed 12 Dec 2024."},{"key":"S0899823X25102146_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-022-00124-5"},{"key":"S0899823X25102146_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2023.06.013"},{"key":"S0899823X25102146_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2022.270"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0899823X25102146","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T10:38:43Z","timestamp":1762425523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0899823X25102146\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0899823X25102146"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2025.10214","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}