{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:14:10Z","timestamp":1790900050539,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25102341_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nursing homes residents have a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) colonization. Recent trials demonstrated that decolonizing residents reduces infection. However, decolonization\u2019s impact on environmental MDRO contamination is not well understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25102341_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We performed a 9-month pilot (3-month baseline, 3-month phase-in and 3-month intervention) in 3 nursing homes implementing routine chlorhexidine bathing\/showering and nasal iodophor. We repeatedly tested for colonization via skin and nasal swabs for methicillin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (VRE), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers (ESBLs), and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). We also swabbed high-touch surfaces in rooms of MDRO carriers for MDRO fomite contamination.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25102341_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Decolonization decreased the odds of MDRO colonization in nursing home residents by 55% (OR 0.45,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001, raw reduction from 46% (411\/900) to intervention: 29% (262\/900); colonization with MRSA, VRE, and ESBL all significantly decreased (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Among residents who remained colonized with any MDRO, 288\/330 (87%) of high-touch bedroom objects were colonized with \u22651 MDRO. In a multivariable analysis, MDRO fomite contamination in rooms of MDRO carriers was associated with antibiotic use (OR = 1.54 [95% CI: 1.19\u20131.98], wound presence (OR = 1.34 (95% CI: 1.02\u20131.77), and specific fomites such as bedside table\/bedrails (OR = 12.7 (95% CI: 9.37\u201317.25), but not the intervention period (OR = 1.02 [0.81\u20131.27]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25102341_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Routine chlorhexidine bathing and nasal iodophor significantly reduced MDRO body colonization among nursing home residents. However, in rooms of residents who remained MDRO carriers, environmental contamination was unchanged during the decolonization intervention. Efforts to ensure fomite surface clearance in rooms of MDRO carriers may be key to reducing environmental MDRO spread.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2025.10234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T06:41:44Z","timestamp":1755844904000},"page":"896-902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of routine chlorhexidine bathing and nasal iodophor on MDRO colonization and environmental contamination in nursing homes"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Evelyn Adriana","family":"Flores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor\u2013University of California Los Angeles Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raveena","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Irvine School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"McKinnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor\u2013University of California Los Angeles Medical Center"},{"name":"Providence Little Company of Mary Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas T.","family":"Tjoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Irvine School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8051-7613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabrielle M.","family":"Gussin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Irvine School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryn","family":"Launer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor\u2013University of California Los Angeles Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bolaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor\u2013University of California Los Angeles Medical Center"},{"name":"Rancho Los Amigos"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaye","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Irvine School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellena","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Irvine School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0487-1711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loren G.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor\u2013University of California Los Angeles Medical Center"},{"name":"University of California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6748-3447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan S.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Irvine School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X25102341_ref1","unstructured":"1. Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Overview of nursing facility capacity, financing, and ownership in the United States in 2013. Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation website. http:\/\/kff.org\/medicaid\/report\/nursing-facilities-staffingresidents-and-facility-deficiencies-2009-through-2014\/. Published 2014. 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}