{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:28:34Z","timestamp":1792664914017,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25103164_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections are increasingly performed in outpatient settings to treat select musculoskeletal injuries, arthritis, hair loss, and wounds. There is a need for procedure-specific guidance and standardization of PRP practices to mitigate associated infection prevention (IP) risks such as bloodborne pathogen exposure and unsafe injection use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25103164_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Develop a standardized approach for PRP administration which incorporates existing IP regulatory and professional society guidance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25103164_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observation and descriptive review of PRP injection protocols across subspecialties at a tertiary medical center, focused on ambulatory IP and regulatory standards compliance. Development of a standardized operating procedure (SOP) to mitigate IP risks and align with regulatory guidance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25103164_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observations were completed in orthopedic, wound care, and oral maxillofacial surgery clinics. Variability in practice was noted for product labeling, centrifugation, and injection modalities. A multidisciplinary workgroup convened to develop and operationalize an SOP. Classification of PRP as a blood product introduced nuances to protocols for product preparation, handling, administration, labeling, and documentation to comply with regulatory standards.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25103164_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Development and implementation of an SOP for PRP treatment requires an awareness of the scope of practice in a healthcare system and identification of pertinent regulatory standards for integration into workflows. Partnerships between IP teams, subspecialty clinical providers, blood safety experts, quality and safety teams, and healthcare technology are essential to minimize variability in practice, ensure safety of patients and healthcare personnel, and align with regulatory standards.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2025.10316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T08:17:44Z","timestamp":1760602664000},"page":"1-5","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Platelet-rich plasma therapy: key infection prevention practices and strategies for safety risk reduction"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6807-5100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca A.","family":"Stern","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dq2gs74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3801-4198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center"},{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5297-2488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Bashaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1681-4933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Talbot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05dq2gs74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref4","first-page":"CD010071","article-title":"Platelet-rich therapies for musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries","volume":"2014","author":"Moraes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4933-10-23"},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt218"},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref7","unstructured":"7. Standards for Blood Bank and Transfusion Services. 34th ed. Bethesda, MD: AABB Press; 2024."},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref8","unstructured":"8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preventing Unsafe Injection Practices. Available at https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/injection-safety\/hcp\/clinical-safety\/index.html. Accessed October 1, 2024."},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-02019-8"},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref11","unstructured":"11. Facility Guidelines Institute. (2022). Guidelines for Design and Construction of Outpatient Facilities: Section 2.1-3.8.7, Handwashing Station\u2014Design Requirements."},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2003.12.003"},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref6","unstructured":"6. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (1970). Occupational safety and health standards: Bloodborne Pathogens. (Standard No. 1910.1030). Available at https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/laws-regs\/regulations\/standardnumber\/1910\/1910.1030. Accessed October 1, 2024."},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref29","unstructured":"29. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Billing and Coding: Platelet Rich Plasma Injections for Non-Wound Injections. (2023). Available at https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/medicare-coverage-database\/view\/article.aspx?articleid=58790&ver=13&=. Accessed May 20, 2025."},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/boneres.2016.36"},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref28","first-page":"e57565","article-title":"Standardized informed consent form for clinicians administering platelet-rich plasma","volume":"16","author":"Pai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref9","unstructured":"9. The Joint Commission. (2025). National Patient Safety Goals (NPSG 01.01.01). Available at https:\/\/www.jointcommission.org\/standards\/national-patient-safety-goals\/. Accessed February 1, 2025."},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref13","unstructured":"13. Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) Product Approval Information. (3\/7\/2024). Available at https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/vaccines-blood-biologics\/center-biologics-evaluation-and-research-cber-product-approval-information. Accessed May 20, 2025."},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.19415"},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reth.2024.07.004"},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2018.0309"},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.id.0000148555.91063.06"},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12988"},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref5","unstructured":"5. Standards for Perioperative Autologous Blood Collection and Administration. 11th ed. Bethesda, Md: AABB Press, 2025."},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-018-9527-7"},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref10","unstructured":"10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clinical Safety: Hand Hygiene for Healthcare Workers. Available at https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/clean-hands\/hcp\/clinical-safety\/index.html. Accessed October 1, 2024."},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6629a3"},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7316a3"},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2720-8047"},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref12","unstructured":"12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Bloodborne Infectious Disease Risk Factors. Available at https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/healthcare\/risk-factors\/bloodborne-infectious-diseases.html. Accessed October 1, 2024."},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref17","first-page":"e29744","article-title":"Double-blind randomized controlled trial comparing platelet-rich plasma with intra-articular corticosteroid injections in patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis","volume":"14","author":"Pretorius","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref15","unstructured":"15. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. 510(k) Clearances. (5\/29\/2024). Available at https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/device-approvals-and-clearances\/510k-clearances. Accessed May 20, 2025."},{"key":"S0899823X25103164_ref20","first-page":"24","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of alopecia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Cruciani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2026.10457","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000}}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0899823X25103164","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T04:40:37Z","timestamp":1775796037000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0899823X25103164\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0899823X25103164"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2025.10316","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}