{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:44:36Z","timestamp":1786999476308,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25103188_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospital sinks are reservoirs for epidemiologically important pathogens (EIPs), yet practical, effective strategies for sustained decontamination are lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25103188_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a randomized controlled trial of 30 in-room sinks (15 intervention, 15 control) in a newly renovated hospital unit to evaluate the efficacy of a hydrogen peroxide\/peracetic acid foamed disinfectant in reducing sink contamination. Intervention sinks received foamed disinfectant to sink drains three times weekly; control sinks underwent standard daily surface cleaning. Weekly sampling was performed from three sink locations (top surface, tail pipe, P-trap) over 35 weeks. The primary outcome was sink conversion events (SCEs), defined as first detection of \u22651 EIP, defined as\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Stenotrophomonas spp<\/jats:italic>\n                      ., or\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp., and ESBL-producing or carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, in previously negative sinks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25103188_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 2880 samples were collected. All sinks were negative at baseline for study pathogens. Nearly all sinks (29\/30) experienced an SCE during the study period. However, only 44 (9%) intervention sink samples were positive for EIPs, compared to 270 (47%) in control sinks (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.00001). EIPs were recovered from 4% versus 24% of P-traps and 4% versus 39% of tail pipes; sink top\/handle contamination was rare and similar (3% vs 4%). The most frequent EIPs were\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. and\n                      <jats:italic>Stenotrophomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. Intervention sinks experienced a delayed time to SCE (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0001). Items were stored on\/in sinks in 93% of observations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25103188_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Regular application of a foamed disinfectant reduced and delayed EIP contamination in renovated hospital sinks. Foam-based protocols may help mitigate environmental reservoirs of multidrug-resistant organisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2025.10318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T13:27:41Z","timestamp":1760448461000},"page":"13-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Efficacy of a foamed disinfectant in reducing pathogen contamination in renovated inpatient in-room sinks: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7238-0300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bobby Glenn","family":"Warren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Disinfection, Resistance, and Transmission Epidemiology (DiRTE) Lab"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03njmea73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Duke University Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda M.","family":"Graves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disinfection, Resistance, and Transmission Epidemiology (DiRTE) Lab"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03njmea73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Duke University Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9790-7737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guerbine","family":"Fils-Aime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disinfection, Resistance, and Transmission Epidemiology (DiRTE) Lab"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03njmea73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Duke University Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disinfection, Resistance, and Transmission Epidemiology (DiRTE) Lab"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03njmea73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Duke University Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8123-9473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isadora","family":"Mamikunian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disinfection, Resistance, and Transmission Epidemiology (DiRTE) Lab"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03njmea73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Duke University Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Gunsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Becky A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disinfection, Resistance, and Transmission Epidemiology (DiRTE) Lab"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03njmea73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Duke University Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6882-5496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deverick J.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disinfection, Resistance, and Transmission Epidemiology (DiRTE) Lab"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03njmea73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Duke University Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X25103188_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1306801"},{"key":"S0899823X25103188_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad194"},{"key":"S0899823X25103188_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13005"},{"key":"S0899823X25103188_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0304378"},{"key":"S0899823X25103188_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2023.05.018"},{"key":"S0899823X25103188_ref28","unstructured":"28. 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}