{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:23:09Z","timestamp":1785432189805,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25103711_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of hospitalization and mortality in the US. Studies report racial disparities in various infectious syndromes. Our objective was to assess the relationship between patient race and antibiotic prescribing in inpatient CAP management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25103711_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25103711_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>11 Cleveland Clinic community hospitals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25103711_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Patients:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients aged \u226518 years hospitalized with CAP between November 1, 2022, and January 31, 2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25103711_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parametric and non-parametric methods were used to describe demographic and clinical differences by race. The association between race and extended spectrum antibiotic (ESA) guideline concordance was assessed using multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for age, gender, admission source, area deprivation index (ADI), hospital, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, renal failure, liver disease, immunocompromising condition, alcohol and substance use disorder, dialysis, and clinical instability and severity on day 1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25103711_as6\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In bivariate analyses, Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) patients were less likely than NHW patients to receive ESA guideline-concordant CAP therapy (63.2% vs 64.4%; OR = 0.91,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .2). After adjusting for patient characteristics, there were no differences between NHB and NHW patients in receipt of ESA therapy (adjusted OR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.83, 1.00). After adjusting for hospital, NHB patients were more likely to receive ESA guideline-concordant CAP therapy (adjusted OR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.30).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25103711_as7\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NHB patients were more likely to receive ESA-guideline concordant therapy, but this was influenced by where they sought care. Further studies are needed to understand why prescribing varies across hospitals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2025.10371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T12:12:44Z","timestamp":1765282364000},"page":"305-310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Racial disparities in antibiotic selection for community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8211-2553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramara E.","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xjacd83","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cleveland Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Schulte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea M.","family":"Pallotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xjacd83","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cleveland Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9977-7041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5522-2995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhishek","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Rothberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X25103711_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-021-01056-x"},{"key":"S0899823X25103711_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.1426"},{"key":"S0899823X25103711_ref1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deaths: Final data for 2016","volume":"64","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep Cent Dis Control Prev Natl Cent Health Stat Natl Vital Stat Syst"},{"key":"S0899823X25103711_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-10-143"},{"key":"S0899823X25103711_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1581ST"},{"key":"S0899823X25103711_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw808"},{"key":"S0899823X25103711_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab123"},{"key":"S0899823X25103711_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad440"},{"key":"S0899823X25103711_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/511159"},{"key":"S0899823X25103711_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.12.1233"},{"key":"S0899823X25103711_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13693"},{"key":"S0899823X25103711_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.11.1177"},{"key":"S0899823X25103711_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e3181a80fdc"},{"key":"S0899823X25103711_ref9","first-page":"108","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Hispanic patients hospitalized in San Antonio, TX with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"38","author":"Restrepo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hosp Pract 1995"},{"key":"S0899823X25103711_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181c8fd58"},{"key":"S0899823X25103711_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2023.4172"},{"key":"S0899823X25103711_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.181313"},{"key":"S0899823X25103711_ref5","first-page":"e134","article-title":"Exploring the intersection of racism, antimicrobial resistance, and vaccine equity","volume":"2","author":"Abdul-Mutakabbir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol ASHE"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0899823X25103711","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T10:34:46Z","timestamp":1771929286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0899823X25103711\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0899823X25103711"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2025.10371","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}