{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:49:44Z","timestamp":1785433784915,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25103784_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Estimate bacterial pathogen contamination of healthcare workers\u2019 (HCW) long-sleeved attire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25103784_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective observational study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25103784_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tertiary care hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25103784_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HCWs wearing long-sleeved attire providing direct inpatient care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25103784_as7\">\n                    <jats:title>Intervention:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sampling of both sleeves of HCWs wearing long-sleeved attire was performed using a swab and cultured for aerobic bacterial growth classified as potential pathogens or presumptive skin commensals. Potential predictors of sleeve contamination, including participant survey responses related to attire and infection prevention practices, were analyzed using univariate analyses. Whole genome sequencing compared isolates to a genomic surveillance database of patient clinical isolates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25103784_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 280 samples, 81.1% (n = 227) demonstrated any bacterial growth and 20.7% (n = 58) grew \u22651 potential pathogen. Speciated organisms included alpha-hemolytic streptococci (n = 28),\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. (n = 20), and\n                      <jats:italic>Pantoea<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic>Mixta<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. (n = 8), gram-negative bacilli (n = 6), and\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (n = 2). Univariate analysis demonstrated that sleeves sampled on non-intensive care units (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .038) were significantly associated with any bacterial growth, and attire type (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .002) and sleeve material (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .004) were associated with growth of \u22651 potential pathogen. Fleece attire and material were more likely to be contaminated than other attire and material types. Sequenced isolates from sleeve samples were not genetically related to any patient isolates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X25103784_as6\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HCW long sleeve contamination occurs frequently, including with potential pathogens. Changing trends in attire type may have an impact on bacterial transmissibility. While this study could not infer transmission events associated with clinically diagnosed patient infections, the potential benefit of a \u201cbare below the elbows\u201d attire policy warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2025.10378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T05:46:13Z","timestamp":1766382373000},"page":"277-283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Healthcare worker long-sleeved attire contamination: a prospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4046-9594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria F.","family":"Sanes Guevara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Presbyterian"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela C.","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1836-1282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan C.","family":"Clemons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa P.","family":"Griffith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04ehecz88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine"},{"name":"University of Pittsburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kady","family":"Waggle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04ehecz88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine"},{"name":"University of Pittsburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee H.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04ehecz88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine"},{"name":"University of Pittsburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lora Lee","family":"Pless","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04ehecz88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine"},{"name":"University of Pittsburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley M.","family":"Ayres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04ehecz88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UPMC Presbyterian Shadyside"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5562-8880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graham M.","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04ehecz88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04ehecz88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UPMC Presbyterian Shadyside"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X25103784_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/003588411X561071"},{"key":"S0899823X25103784_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1054773817708934"},{"key":"S0899823X25103784_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2019.07.015"},{"key":"S0899823X25103784_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/507890"},{"key":"S0899823X25103784_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5957284"},{"key":"S0899823X25103784_ref8","unstructured":"8. 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