{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:12:20Z","timestamp":1788873140009,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X26105029_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a significant source of morbidity in children. Elevated standardized infection ratios (SIRs) for pediatric gastrointestinal (GI) procedures persist nationally and at our institution. We assessed pediatric-specific risk factors and the applicability of the adult SIR model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X26105029_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case\u2013control study of pediatric patients undergoing GI surgery (2019\u20132022) with 82 SSI cases matched 1:2 with 164 controls by prematurity, age, National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) procedure category and year. Data was collected via chart review; socioeconomic risk was assessed using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). Bivariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X26105029_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A tertiary pediatric referral center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X26105029_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Patients:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ages 0\u201321; NHSN reportable GI SSI procedures (appendix, gastric, small bowel, colon, laparotomy).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X26105029_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cases were more likely to speak a language other than English or Spanish aOR 4.26 (95% CI, 1.06\u201317.11;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .041) compared to controls. Adult SIR risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, were not significant predictors. Cases had longer hospitalizations (median 17.5 vs 7 days) and higher 30-day readmission rates (26% vs 10%) compared to controls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X26105029_as6\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight the importance of language-concordant care and consideration of other social vulnerabilities in pediatric GI surgical care. Adult-based SIR models may not be applicable to children, highlighting the need for pediatric-specific measures that ensure equitable access to preventive care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2026.10502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T06:31:46Z","timestamp":1784701906000},"page":"872-880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pediatric gastrointestinal surgical site infections: a case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7180-8880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicky","family":"Khoury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03mtd9a03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6399-890X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika P.","family":"Viana Cardenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3997-9573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace M.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03mtd9a03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4154-2802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julianne E.","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03mtd9a03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2545-6858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lucile Packard Children\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sneha","family":"Krishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lucile Packard Children\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lucile Packard Children\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4903-1024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanda","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lucile Packard Children\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gowri","family":"Madhavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lucile Packard Children\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0139-8551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1143-829X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayelet","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge L.","family":"Salinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2639-7053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roshni","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03mtd9a03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X26105029_ref23","unstructured":"23. 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}