{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:47:07Z","timestamp":1791884827324,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X26105467_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While healthcare-associated infection (HAI) surveillance in Singapore\u2019s acute care hospitals is well established, comparable data from long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs), known as community hospitals, are limited. We conducted the first national point prevalence survey (PPS) to determine HAI prevalence in Singapore LTACHs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X26105467_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A standardized protocol adapted from the Singapore acute care hospital HAI PPS protocol, which was adapted from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control protocol for acute care hospitals, was implemented across 9 LTACHs. Adult inpatients present in participating wards at 8 a.m. on the survey day were included. Data on patient characteristics, invasive devices, and active infections were collected from electronic medical records. Factors associated with HAIs were determined using multivariate logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X26105467_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 1,546 patients, 86 had 94 HAIs, corresponding to a prevalence of 5.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.5\u20136.8). The most common infection types were unspecified sepsis (36.2%), urinary tract infection (UTI) (24.5%), and surgical site infection (18.1%). Microbiological confirmation was available for 25.5% of HAIs, with\n                      <jats:italic>Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic>\n                      (54.8%) most frequently identified. Presence of central vascular catheter (odds ratio [OR]: 3.88; 95% CI: 1.66\u20139.08) and peripheral vascular catheter (OR: 10.48; 95% CI: 6.45\u201317.03) were associated with HAIs, while larger hospital size (\u2265250 beds) was associated with reduced odds (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.39\u20130.99).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X26105467_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This inaugural PPS establishes the baseline for HAIs in Singapore\u2019s LTACHs. Findings suggest broad infection prevention initiatives may provide the greatest benefit sector-wide, while the high UTI burden highlights an opportunity for targeted prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2026.10546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:04:37Z","timestamp":1791882277000},"page":"1-7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Healthcare-associated infections in Singapore\u2019s long-term acute care hospitals: results from the first national point prevalence survey"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0779-4646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheryl","family":"Beh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Communicable Diseases Agency"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2058-2143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyaw Zaw","family":"Linn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communicable Diseases Agency"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4468-6661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin Yi","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communicable Diseases Agency"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adelina","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communicable Diseases Agency"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6898-066X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allie","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7954-2926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ray J.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woodlands Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7110-4398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moi Lin","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore General Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2384-376X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Surinder","family":"Pada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ng Teng Fong General Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bee Fong","family":"Poh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tan Tock Seng Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3101-1867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret","family":"Soon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louisa","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alexandra Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7186-2408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Si Huei","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changi General Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2844-010X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koh Cheng","family":"Thoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital"},{"name":"KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Ty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2353-2651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dale","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University Health System"},{"name":"National University of Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0395-5633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalisvar","family":"Marimuthu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communicable Diseases Agency"},{"name":"National Centre for Infectious Diseases"},{"name":"National Centre for Infectious Diseases and Tan Tock Seng Hospital"},{"name":"Tan Tock Seng Hospital"},{"name":"Nanyang Technological University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X26105467_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004178"},{"key":"S0899823X26105467_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"S0899823X26105467_ref12","unstructured":"12. Community hospitals. Ministry of Health Singapore [Internet]. 2024. Oct 26 [cited 2026 Aug 11]. https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sg\/seeking-healthcare\/find-a-facility-or-service\/types-of-medical-facilities-and-services\/community-hospitals\/."},{"key":"S0899823X26105467_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60010137"},{"key":"S0899823X26105467_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208"},{"key":"S0899823X26105467_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490712200205"},{"key":"S0899823X26105467_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.46.1800516"},{"key":"S0899823X26105467_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2025.101477"},{"key":"S0899823X26105467_ref4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Impact of healthcare-associated infections on length of stay: a study in 68 hospitals in China","volume":"2019","author":"Jia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"S0899823X26105467_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/17506121011095182"},{"key":"S0899823X26105467_ref13","unstructured":"13. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals \u2013 protocol version 6.1. Stockholm, ECDC. 2022."},{"key":"S0899823X26105467_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frhs.2024.1407528"},{"key":"S0899823X26105467_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.9763"},{"key":"S0899823X26105467_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2021.165"},{"key":"S0899823X26105467_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjph-2023-000504"},{"key":"S0899823X26105467_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhqr.2026.101191"},{"key":"S0899823X26105467_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix103"},{"key":"S0899823X26105467_ref20","unstructured":"20. How post-acute care delivery is moving beyond hospitals. Wolters Kluwer [Internet]. 2026. Mar 13 [cited 2026 Apr 8]. https:\/\/www.wolterskluwer.com\/en\/expert-insights\/sites-of-care-delivery-shift-from-traditional-hospital-settings-to-alternative-settings."},{"key":"S0899823X26105467_ref2","unstructured":"2. Scott, RD. The direct medical costs of healthcare-associated infections in US hospitals and the benefits of prevention. CDC Stacks. 2009."},{"key":"S0899823X26105467_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.02.026"}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0899823X26105467","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:04:40Z","timestamp":1791882280000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0899823X26105467\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["S0899823X26105467"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2026.10546","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}