{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T02:30:22Z","timestamp":1794018622480,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X26105522_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) was developed and implemented nationally from 2005 to 2015 partly to improve surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis processes. SCIP\u2019s manual review process was costly yet led to high compliance rates in the Veterans Administration (VA). Our objective was to develop an electronic compliance algorithm to replicate the SCIP metric for timely discontinuation of antimicrobial prophylaxis (INF-3) in cardiac surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X26105522_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Study design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study matched manually adjudicated INF-3 data from the VA External Peer Review Program (EPRP) with 2006\u20132015 cardiac surgeries in the Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW). Algorithm development used EPRP data as the gold standard, supplemented with manual review, to apply SCIP-defined electronic exclusions and flag cases with appropriate antimicrobial discontinuation. Algorithm validation used manual review of compliant (n = 90) and non-compliant cases (n = 210) among cardiac surgeries not in EPRP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X26105522_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The algorithm utilized CDW prophylactic versus therapeutic antimicrobial drug names and timestamps for drug administration to reliably exclude cases with appropriate antimicrobial use before flagging INF-3 compliance\/non-compliance. In the EPRP-CDW development sample (n = 29,431), the algorithm-measured INF-3 compliance rate was 96.2% versus EPRP\u2019s rate of 95.9%. In validation (n = 10,131), sensitivity was 92.1% (95%CI: 88.0%, 96.2%) and specificity was 97.0% (95%CI: 93.6%, 100%) compared to manual review. The algorithm exclusion rate in CDW cardiac surgeries was 18.5%\u2014primarily for antimicrobial pharmacy administration indicative of pre-or postoperative infection (7,360\/52,310 14.1%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0899823X26105522_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The SCIP INF-3 cardiac electronic algorithm effectively replicated the EPRP manual review process and has the potential to extend surveillance of appropriate surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2026.10552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:55:44Z","timestamp":1791359744000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Electronic measurement of compliance with a Surgical Care Improvement Program (SCIP) antimicrobial prophylaxis guidelines in the Veterans health administration"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4484-0445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hillary J.","family":"Mull","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05rsv9s98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System"},{"name":"Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7270-3643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Golenbock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05rsv9s98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8871-9563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacquelyn","family":"Pendergast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05rsv9s98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4945-9481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rory","family":"Ostrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05rsv9s98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipandita","family":"Basnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05rsv9s98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8399-6330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn","family":"Colborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Anschutz Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5555-6258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlena H.","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05rsv9s98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1089-1647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryann L.","family":"Engle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05rsv9s98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1549-941X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary","family":"Hawn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9658-5124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Westyn","family":"Branch-Elliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System"},{"name":"University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X26105522_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31822c6929"},{"key":"S0899823X26105522_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.04.052"},{"key":"S0899823X26105522_ref5","unstructured":"5. 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Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Hospital compare homepage.2026. https:\/\/www.medicare.gov\/care-compare\/?redirect=true&providerType=Hospital. Accessed April, 2026."},{"key":"S0899823X26105522_ref17","unstructured":"17. Veterans Health Administration, (VHA). Department of Veterans Affairs VHA directive 2008-032. External peer review program (EPRP), 2008."},{"key":"S0899823X26105522_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/669869"},{"key":"S0899823X26105522_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2006.08.010"},{"key":"S0899823X26105522_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000028"},{"key":"S0899823X26105522_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2013.134"},{"key":"S0899823X26105522_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.140.2.174"},{"key":"S0899823X26105522_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2010.01.029"},{"key":"S0899823X26105522_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp120568"},{"key":"S0899823X26105522_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2010.09.006"},{"key":"S0899823X26105522_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-024-02750-7"},{"key":"S0899823X26105522_ref11","unstructured":"11. Department of Veterans Affairs. VHA facility quality and safety report. 2012; http:\/\/www.va.gov\/health\/HospitalReportCard.asp. Accessed May 20, 2020."},{"key":"S0899823X26105522_ref31","unstructured":"31. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ).Chapter 4: obtaining data from electronic health records. In: Gliklich, RE Leavy, MB Dreyer, NA eds. Tools and Technologies for Registry Interoperability, Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes: A Users Guide, 3rd Edition. 2019. AHRQ Methods for Effective Health Care. AHRQ Methods for Effective Health Care."},{"key":"S0899823X26105522_ref36","unstructured":"36. AHRQ Methods for Effective Health Care.National Healthcare Research Quality and Disparities Report: Chartbook on Healthcare for Veterans: OVERVIEW OF VHA PATIENT, VETERAN, AND NON-VETERAN POPULATION AND CHARACTERISTICS. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK578553\/. May 12, 2025."}],"container-title":["Infection Control &amp; Hospital Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0899823X26105522","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:55:48Z","timestamp":1791359748000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0899823X26105522\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0899823X26105522"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2026.10552","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-823X","1559-6834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-823X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-6834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 Department of Veterans Affairs, 2026","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is a work of the US Government and is not subject to copyright protection within the United States. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}