{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:49:21Z","timestamp":1791910161772,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We evaluated changes in population attributable risk of \u201c4C\u201d antibiotics for community-associated\n                    <jats:italic>Clostridioides difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in Ontario (2017\u20132024). Contributions from clindamycin, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones declined, whereas amoxicillin-clavulanate increased and became the leading contributor by 2022, highlighting a potential emerging target for outpatient antimicrobial stewardship.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2026.10560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:49:31Z","timestamp":1790840971000},"page":"1-4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Trends in population attributable risk of\n                    <i>Clostridioides difficile<\/i>\n                    infection associated with common outpatient antibiotics in Ontario, Canada, 2017\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4247-738X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle K.","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03dbr7087","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Toronto"},{"name":"Public Health Ontario"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Daneman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Ontario"},{"name":"Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre"},{"name":"University of Toronto"},{"name":"ICES"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5467-6776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bradley J.","family":"Langford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Ontario"},{"name":"Hotel Dieu Shaver Health and Rehabilitation Centre"},{"name":"McMaster University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Ontario"},{"name":"Toronto East Health Network"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin L.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03dbr7087","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Toronto"},{"name":"Public Health Ontario"},{"name":"ICES"},{"name":"Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute Unity Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin A.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03dbr7087","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Toronto"},{"name":"Public Health Ontario"},{"name":"ICES"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0899823X26105601_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag001"},{"key":"S0899823X26105601_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25318\/1710015001-ENG"},{"key":"S0899823X26105601_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.26902"},{"key":"S0899823X26105601_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab549"},{"key":"S0899823X26105601_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2019.08.020"},{"key":"S0899823X26105601_ref6","unstructured":"6. 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that no alterations are made and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press or the rights holder(s) must be obtained prior to any commercial use and\/or adaptation of the article.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}