{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T07:12:34Z","timestamp":1765609954154,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,29]],"date-time":"2019-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556496000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ir. j. psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0790966719000144_as1\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Research indicates that anti-depressant prescribing is higher in Northern Ireland (NI) than in the rest of the UK, and that socio-economic and area-level factors may contribute to this. The current study provides comprehensive population-based estimates of the prevalence of anti-depressant prescription prescribing in NI from 2011 to 2015, and examined the associations between socio-demographic, socio-economic, self-reported health and area-level factors and anti-depressant prescription.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0790966719000144_as2\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were derived from the 2011 NI Census (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 1 588 355) and the Enhanced Prescribing Database. Data linkage techniques were utilised through the Administrative Data Research Centre in NI. Prevalence rates were calculated and binary logistic analysis assessed the associations between contextual factors and anti-depressant prescription.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0790966719000144_as3\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 2011 to 2015, the percentages of the population in NI aged 16 or more receiving anti-depressant prescriptions were 12.3%, 12.9%, 13.4%, 13.9% and 14.3%, respectively, and over the 5-year period was 24.3%. The strongest predictors of anti-depressant prescription in the multivariate model specified were \u2018very bad\u2019 (OR = 4.02) or \u2018Bad\u2019 general health (OR = 3.98), and self-reported mental health problems (OR = 3.57). Other significant predictors included social renting (OR = 1.67) and unemployment (OR = 1.25). Protective factors included Catholic religious beliefs, other faith\/philosophic beliefs and no faith\/philosophic beliefs in comparison to reporting Protestant\/other Christian religious beliefs (ORs = 0.78\u20130.91).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0790966719000144_as4\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of anti-depressant prescription in NI appears to be higher than the prevalence of depressive disorders, although this may not necessarily be attributable to over-prescribing as anti-depressants are also prescribed for conditions other than depression. Anti-depressant prescription was linked to several factors that represent socio-economic disadvantage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ipm.2019.14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,29]],"date-time":"2019-04-29T05:14:50Z","timestamp":1556514890000},"page":"32-38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Rates and predictors of anti-depressant prescribing in Northern Ireland 2011\u20132015: a data linkage study using the Administrative Data Research Centre (NI)"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Shevlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Rosato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3956-8627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5863-2906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Boduszek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0790966719000144_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.3445"},{"key":"S0790966719000144_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.105.008714"},{"key":"S0790966719000144_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.174979"},{"key":"S0790966719000144_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.57.7.488"},{"volume-title":"The Northern Ireland Multiple Deprivation Measure 2010","year":"2010","key":"S0790966719000144_ref15"},{"key":"S0790966719000144_ref14","unstructured":"NISRA (2005). Report of the Inter-Departmental Urban-Rural Definition Group Statistical Classification and Delineation of Settlements February 2005. Northern Ireland Statistical and Research Agency."},{"volume-title":"Up and Running? Exercise Therapy and the Treatment of Mild or Moderate Depression in Primary Care","year":"2005","key":"S0790966719000144_ref11"},{"key":"S0790966719000144_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2003.03.005"},{"key":"S0790966719000144_ref7","unstructured":"Donnelly, KJ (2014). Primary Care Prescribing. Northern Ireland Audit Office: Belfast. (Retrieved from http:\/\/www.niauditoffice.gov.uk\/primary_care_prescribing-2.pdf). Accessed 18 May 2018]."},{"key":"S0790966719000144_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.01.006"},{"key":"S0790966719000144_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711002510"},{"key":"S0790966719000144_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2017.06.010"},{"key":"S0790966719000144_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.138"},{"volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2000","key":"S0790966719000144_ref25"},{"key":"S0790966719000144_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012750"},{"key":"S0790966719000144_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21766"},{"key":"S0790966719000144_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00195-6"},{"key":"S0790966719000144_ref23","unstructured":"isdscotland (2018). Medicines used in Mental Health, Years 2007\/08 \u2013 2017\/18. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.isdscotland.org\/Health-Topics\/Prescribing-and-Medicines\/Publications\/2018-10-09\/2018-10-09-PrescribingMentalHealth-Report.pdf [Accessed 20 Feb. 2019]."},{"key":"S0790966719000144_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717000708"},{"key":"S0790966719000144_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq271"},{"key":"S0790966719000144_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.23.3095"},{"key":"S0790966719000144_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.06.015"},{"key":"S0790966719000144_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1121189X00001421"}],"container-title":["Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0790966719000144","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]],"date-time":"2020-03-30T14:04:55Z","timestamp":1585577095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0790966719000144\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,29]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0790966719000144"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ipm.2019.14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0790-9667","2051-6967"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0790-9667"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2051-6967"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 College of Psychiatrists of Ireland 2019\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}