{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T21:50:45Z","timestamp":1788558645392,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572480000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ir. j. psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0790966719000478_as1\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Meditation is associated with health benefits; however, there are reports that it may trigger or exacerbate psychotic states. In this review, we aim to collate case reports of psychotic disorders occurring in association with meditative practice and to discuss the relationship between psychosis and meditation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0790966719000478_as2\"><jats:title>Methodology:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed case-based analysis of all the existing studies published in English language using PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL and Google Scholar with the search terms; \u2018Psychosis\u2019 OR \u2018Psychotic Symptoms\u2019 OR \u2018Schizophrenia\u2019 AND \u2018Meditation.\u2019<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0790966719000478_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 19 studies and 28 cases were included in the review. The patients described had an age range of 18\u201357 years; there was equal distribution of males and females. The diagnoses included acute psychosis in 14 cases, schizophrenia in 7 cases, mania with psychotic symptoms in 3 cases, and schizoaffective disorder in 1 case. The types of meditation described were Transcendent, Mindfulness, Buddhist Meditation like Qigong, Zen, and Theraveda, and others like Bikram yoga, Pranic Healing, and Hindustan Type meditation. Of the 28 cases reported, 14 patients had certain precipitating factors like insomnia, lack of food intake, history of mental illness, stress, and psychoactive substance use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0790966719000478_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are case reports of psychotic disorder arising in association with meditative practice; however, it is difficult to attribute a causal relationship between the two. At the same time, there is a body of research describing the beneficial effect of meditative practice in clinical settings for patients with psychotic disorders. Appropriately designed studies are needed to further investigate the relationship between meditative practice and psychosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ipm.2019.47","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T09:40:12Z","timestamp":1572514812000},"page":"391-397","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Meditation-induced psychosis: a narrative review and individual patient data analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4983-7568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawan","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ananya","family":"Mahapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rishab","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0790966719000478_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7453\/gahmj.2012.061"},{"key":"S0790966719000478_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/713685624"},{"key":"S0790966719000478_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1229.33001"},{"key":"S0790966719000478_ref16","volume-title":"Mindfulness in Plain English","author":"Gunaratana","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0790966719000478_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-197507000-00007"},{"key":"S0790966719000478_ref10","first-page":"925","article-title":"Meditation in association with psychosis","volume":"82","author":"Chan-Ob","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet Thangphaet"},{"key":"S0790966719000478_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465810000639"},{"key":"S0790966719000478_ref48","first-page":"31","article-title":"Buddhist teachers\u2019 experience with extreme mental states in western meditators","volume":"29","author":"VanderKooi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Transpersonal Psychology References"},{"key":"S0790966719000478_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000108125"},{"key":"S0790966719000478_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00252"},{"key":"S0790966719000478_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-007-9065-z"},{"key":"S0790966719000478_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(03)00175-0"},{"key":"S0790966719000478_ref4","first-page":"125","article-title":"Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: a conceptual and empirical review","volume":"10","author":"Baer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical psychology: Science and Practice"},{"key":"S0790966719000478_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00221678940344008"},{"key":"S0790966719000478_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.133.11.1326","article-title":"Self-induced depersonalization syndrome","volume":"133","author":"Kennedy","year":"1976","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0790966719000478_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1971"},{"key":"S0790966719000478_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2010.0075"},{"key":"S0790966719000478_ref31","first-page":"28","article-title":"Meditation and psychiatry","volume":"5","author":"McGee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatry (Edgmont)"},{"key":"S0790966719000478_ref18","unstructured":"Hussain D , Bhushan B (2010). 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