{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T19:32:28Z","timestamp":1774467148340,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617580800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ir. j. psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S079096672100032X_as1\"><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine if the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with a differential effect over time in relation to its psychological and social impact on patients with established anxiety disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S079096672100032X_as2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 individuals attending the Galway\u2013Roscommon Mental Health Services with an International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 diagnosis of an anxiety disorder at two time points (six months apart) to determine the impact of the COVID-19 restrictions on anxiety and depressive symptoms, social and occupational functioning and quality of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S079096672100032X_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>No statistical difference in symptomatology was noted between the two time points in relation to anxiety symptoms as measured by utilising psychometric rating scales (BAI and HARS) or utilising a Likert scale. The greatest impact of COVID-19 at both time points is related to social functioning and quality of life. Significant variability was noted for individual participants. Qualitative analysis noted social isolation, concern for the participants\u2019 future and increased difficulty managing anxiety with ongoing restrictions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S079096672100032X_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>No significant overall change in symptomatology or functioning over time was noted for individuals with pre-existing anxiety disorders. Variability was, however, demonstrated between individuals, with some individuals describing ongoing anxiety, social isolation and concern for their future. Identifying those with ongoing symptoms or distress and providing multidisciplinary support to this cohort is suggested.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ipm.2021.32","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T13:23:31Z","timestamp":1617629011000},"page":"258-265","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A longitudinal evaluation of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with pre-existing anxiety disorders"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Hennigan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"McGovern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2322-4480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Plunkett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Costello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1661-5192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Hallahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"S079096672100032X_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2020.86"},{"key":"S079096672100032X_ref10","unstructured":"Plunkett, R , Costello, S , McGovern, M , McDonald, C , Hallahan, B (2020). disorders attending secondary care. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, in press, doi.10.1017\/ipm.2020.75"},{"key":"S079096672100032X_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371105600504"},{"key":"S079096672100032X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30511-X"},{"key":"S079096672100032X_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.23077"},{"key":"S079096672100032X_ref14","unstructured":"WHO Outbreak Communication Guidelines (2020). Retrieved 6 May 2020, from https:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/resources\/publications\/WHO_CDS_2005_28\/en\/"},{"key":"S079096672100032X_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051729"},{"key":"S079096672100032X_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102092"},{"key":"S079096672100032X_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2008017"},{"key":"S079096672100032X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2010.12.2\/dmurphy","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder and its related disorders: a reappraisal of obsessive-compulsive spectrum concepts","volume":"12","author":"Murphy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"S079096672100032X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20830"},{"key":"S079096672100032X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20758"},{"key":"S079096672100032X_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13219"},{"key":"S079096672100032X_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(18)30205-3"}],"container-title":["Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S079096672100032X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T05:13:43Z","timestamp":1639026823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S079096672100032X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S079096672100032X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ipm.2021.32","relation":{},"ISSN":["0790-9667","2051-6967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0790-9667","type":"print"},{"value":"2051-6967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]]}}}