{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T15:03:11Z","timestamp":1782745391044,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616371200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ir. j. psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0790966721000070_as1\"><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the rates of antipsychotic prescribing in the Irish paediatric and young adult population enrolled in the Irish General Medical Services Scheme pharmacy claims database from the Health Service Executive Primary Care Reimbursement Services database, with a focus on age and sex differences. To examine concomitant prescribing of certain other related medicines in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0790966721000070_as2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were obtained from the Irish General Medical Services (GMS) scheme pharmacy claims database from the Health Service Executive (HSE) \u2013 Primary Care Reimbursement Services (PCRS). Participants included children aged &lt;16 years and youth aged 16\u201324 years availing of medicines under the HSE-PCRS GMS scheme between January 2005 and December 2015. Outcome measures included prescribing rates of antipsychotics from 2005 to 2015, differences in prescribing rates between different ages and sexes, and percentage of concomitant prescriptions for antidepressants, psychostimulants, anxiolytics and hypnosedatives.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0790966721000070_as5\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall the trend in prescribing rates of antipsychotic medications was stable at 3.94\/1000 in 2005 compared with 3.97\/1000 in 2015 for children &lt;16 years, and 48.37\/1000 eligible population in 2005 compared to 39.64\/1000 in 2015 for those aged 16\u201324. There was a significant decrease in prescribing rates for males in the 16\u201324 age group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0790966721000070_as6\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>While rates of antipsychotic prescribing have decreased or remained stable over the timeframe of the study, we did find a significant proportion of this population were prescribed antipsychotics. This study also shows that co-prescribing of antidepressants increased and highlights the need for guidelines for antipsychotic prescribing in children and youth in terms of clinical indication, monitoring, co-prescribing and treatment duration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ipm.2021.7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T02:39:47Z","timestamp":1616380787000},"page":"343-352","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Antipsychotic prescribing in GMS paediatric and young adult population in Ireland 2005\u20132015: repeated cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1017-7286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Conlan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4894-4823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Teeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"MacAvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0790966721000070_ref14","volume-title":"Psychosis and schizophrenia in children and young people: Recognition and management (NICE Clinical Guideline CG115)","author":"Hollis","year":"2016"},{"key":"S0790966721000070_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125313487548"},{"key":"S0790966721000070_ref20","first-page":"1247","article-title":"National trends in the office-based treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with antipsychoticsNational trends in treatment with antipsychotics","volume":"69","author":"Olfson","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0790966721000070_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-2000-2-26"},{"key":"S0790966721000070_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2009.01425.x"},{"key":"S0790966721000070_ref29","unstructured":"Wilson, D (2009). Poor children likelier to get antipsychotics. New York Times. December, 11."},{"key":"S0790966721000070_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.04.010"},{"key":"S0790966721000070_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-013-0426-8"},{"key":"S0790966721000070_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371305800608"},{"key":"S0790966721000070_ref","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007070"},{"key":"S0790966721000070_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201500272"},{"key":"S0790966721000070_ref9","unstructured":"Findling, R , Drury, S , Jensen, P , Rapoport, J , Bukstein, O , Walter, H , et al. (2011). Practice parameter for the use of atypical antipsychotic medications in children and adolescents. [Online] Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.aacap.org\/App_Themes\/AACAP\/docs\/practice_parameters\/Atypical_Antipsychotic_Medications_Web.pdf"},{"key":"S0790966721000070_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-015-0436-2"},{"key":"S0790966721000070_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000220851.94392.30"},{"key":"S0790966721000070_ref12","unstructured":"Health Products Regulatory Authority (2020). 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American association of clinical endocrinologists, North American association for the study of obesity: consensus development conference on antipsychotic drugs and obesity and diabetes. Diabetes Care 27, 596\u2013601.","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.2.596"},{"key":"S0790966721000070_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072515"},{"key":"S0790966721000070_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.07.699"},{"key":"S0790966721000070_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-019-02711-3"},{"key":"S0790966721000070_ref1","first-page":"396","article-title":"Psychopharmacological prescriptions in children and adolescents in Germany: a nationwide analysis of over 4 million statutorily insured individuals from 2004 to 2012","volume":"113","author":"Abbas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt International"},{"key":"S0790966721000070_ref13","unstructured":"Health Service Executive (2015). Primary care reimbursement service statistical analysis of claims and payments 2015. In: HSE Dublin."}],"container-title":["Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0790966721000070","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T12:08:42Z","timestamp":1695643722000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0790966721000070\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0790966721000070"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ipm.2021.7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0790-9667","2051-6967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0790-9667","type":"print"},{"value":"2051-6967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]]}}}