{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T04:28:15Z","timestamp":1787977695616,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749772800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ir. j. psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0790966725000199_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Older adults are more likely to develop delirium with COVID-19 infection. This cross-sectional cohort study was designed to explore the risk factors of delirium in hospitalized older adults with COVID-19 and to evaluate whether delirium is an independent predictor of mortality in this cohort of patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0790966725000199_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were collected through a retrospective clinical chart review of patients aged 65 years or older who were admitted to St. James\u2019s Hospital between March 2020 and 2021 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0790966725000199_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 261 patients (2.8 % of total admissions 65 years or older) were included in this study. Patients who developed delirium were older (80.8\n                      <jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic>\n                      75.8 years,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), more likely to have pre-existing cognitive impairment (OR = 3.97 [95% CI 2.11\u20137.46],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and were more likely to be nursing home residents (OR = 12.32 [95% CI 2.54\u201359.62],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0018). Patients who developed delirium had a higher Clinical Frailty score (mean 5.31\n                      <jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic>\n                      3.67,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and higher Charlson Co-morbidity index (mean 2.38\n                      <jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic>\n                      1.82,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .046). There was no significant association between in-hospital mortality and delirium in the patient cohort (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.13). Delirium was associated with longer hospital stay (40.5 days\n                      <jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic>\n                      21 days,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001) and patients with delirium were more likely to be discharged to nursing homes or convalescence instead of home (OR = 8.46 [95% CI 3.60\u201319.88],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0790966725000199_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Delirium is more likely to occur in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing risk factors for delirium, resulting in prolonged admission and functional decline requiring increased support for discharge.<\/jats:p>\n                  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