{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:15:48Z","timestamp":1785420948753,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ir. j. psychol. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The\u00a0coexistence of substance use disorders (SUD) and other mental disorders \u2013 commonly referred to as dual disorders (DD) \u2013 is highly prevalent and clinically significant. Although various terms have been used over time (e.g., psychiatric comorbidity, dual pathology), the lack of a standardised definition has created inconsistencies in diagnosis, communication, research, and treatment. Epidemiological studies estimate that 30\u201380% of individuals with SUD have co-occurring psychiatric disorders, with prevalence depending on the substance involved, gender, age, and the population studied (general population, people in emergency rooms, mental health addiction facilities, harm reduction facilities, prison). Compared to individuals with a single disorder, people with DD exhibit more severe psychopathological symptoms, higher suicide risk, increased relapse rates, poorer treatment adherence, more medical comorbidities, and worse psychosocial outcomes, including unemployment, homelessness, and social exclusion. Despite extensive evidence, both SUD and other mental disorders often remain underdiagnosed and undertreated, partly due to diagnostic complexities such as overlapping symptomatology and the syndromic nature of psychiatric classifications. Additional barriers include the structural separation between mental health and addiction services and limited integrated care expertise. The \u201cwrong door syndrome\u201d exemplifies how patients are frequently directed to services unable to address both conditions, leading to suboptimal outcomes. Furthermore, individuals with DD are often excluded from clinical research, limiting the evidence base for tailored interventions. Improving the detection and treatment of DD is a major challenge for mental health and addiction systems. Integrated, holistic treatment approaches from the outset are essential to optimise outcomes for this highly vulnerable population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/ipm.2026.10188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T10:00:37Z","timestamp":1776333637000},"page":"1-3","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dual disorders: an overview"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Torrens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03a8gac78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hospital del Mar Research Institute"},{"name":"Red de Investigaci\u00f3n en Atenci\u00f3n Primaria en Adicciones (RIAPAd)"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04n0g0b29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"MELIS - Universitat Pompeu Fabra"},{"name":"Mental Health Institute - Hospital del Mar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francina","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03a8gac78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hospital del Mar Research Institute"},{"name":"Red de Investigaci\u00f3n en Atenci\u00f3n Primaria en Adicciones (RIAPAd)"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04n0g0b29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"MELIS - Universitat Pompeu Fabra"},{"name":"Mental Health Institute - Hospital del Mar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Gonzalez-Saiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red de Investigaci\u00f3n en Atenci\u00f3n Primaria en Adicciones (RIAPAd)"},{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Jerez de la Frontera"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan I.","family":"Mestre-Pint\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03a8gac78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hospital del Mar Research Institute"},{"name":"Red de Investigaci\u00f3n en Atenci\u00f3n Primaria en Adicciones (RIAPAd)"},{"name":"Department of Law Universitat Pompeu Fabra"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0790966726101888_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20796"},{"key":"S0790966726101888_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2012.663296"},{"key":"S0790966726101888_ref8","volume-title":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Comorbidity of substance use and mental disorders in Europe","author":"Torrens","year":"2015"},{"key":"S0790966726101888_ref9","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (2022) Comorbidities in Drug use Disorders \u2013 No Wrong Door [online]. Available at: https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/unodc\/drug-prevention-and-treatment\/publications\/data\/2022\/march\/comorbidities-in-drug-use-disorders-no-wrong-door.html."},{"key":"S0790966726101888_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.179.5.432"},{"key":"S0790966726101888_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02212-5"},{"key":"S0790966726101888_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0047.2004.00325.x"},{"key":"S0790966726101888_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12496"},{"key":"S0790966726101888_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21073"},{"key":"S0790966726101888_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291703001399"},{"key":"S0790966726101888_ref4","volume-title":"Integrated Treatment for Dual Disorders: A Guide to Effective Practice","author":"Mueser","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0790966726101888","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T10:00:39Z","timestamp":1776333639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0790966726101888\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"references-count":11,"alternative-id":["S0790966726101888"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ipm.2026.10188","relation":{},"ISSN":["0790-9667","2051-6967"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0790-9667","type":"print"},{"value":"2051-6967","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]}}}