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Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>As medical professionals, we outline the science underlying disorders or differences of sexual development (DSD), discuss the nuances of sex and gender and how terminology can differ based on medical vs. non-medical context, briefly review the evidence of the ergogenic effects of hyperandrogenism, and discuss the medical complications with the hormonal contraceptive use currently dictated by World Athletics to allow DSD athletes to compete in the female category.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/jme.2021.90","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T13:57:13Z","timestamp":1641823033000},"page":"661-665","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u201cDamned If You Do, Doomed If You Don\u2019t\u201d: A Socio-Medical Commentary on \u201cOf Athletes, Bodies and Rules: Making Sense of <i>Caster Semenya<\/i>\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Bryan","family":"Holtzman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn E.","family":"Ackerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1073110521000905_r8","unstructured":"8. Olympic Charter, Lausanne, Switzerland: International Olympic Committee (2015)."},{"key":"S1073110521000905_r4","first-page":"1","article-title":"US Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use","volume":"65","author":"Curtis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Recommendations and Reports"},{"key":"S1073110521000905_r5","unstructured":"5. Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, Classifications for Combined Hormonal Contraceptives (2020)."},{"key":"S1073110521000905_r2","unstructured":"2. 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