{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T18:06:41Z","timestamp":1793210801742,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748217600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":145,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Law. Med. Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ongoing efforts among federal agencies to expunge public health data from websites and other media in line with Trump administration directives on \u201cgender ideology\u201d and other themes has led to widespread confusion, angst, and concern among health officials, medical practitioners, and patients. It has also generated legal claims seeking to reverse and stop public health data purges. Framed within statutory or constitutional limits, legal strategies countering these data policies help assure access to core public health information essential to specific services, care, and outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/jme.2025.10120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T03:52:42Z","timestamp":1748231562000},"page":"327-330","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Legal Strategies Countering Federal Public Health Data Purges"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"53","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"James G.","family":"Hodge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03efmqc40","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Arizona State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1073110525101204_r24","unstructured":"24. Preserving Government Data Act, S. 960, 115th Cong. (2017)."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r35","unstructured":"35. Doe v. McHenry, No. 1:25-cv-286-RCL, 2025 WL 388218 (D.D.C. February 4, 2025)."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r22","first-page":"274","article-title":"President Trump\u2019s War on Regulatory Science","volume":"43","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Harvard Environmental Law Review"},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r26","unstructured":"26. Scientific Integrity Act, H.R. 4893, 118th Cong. (2023)."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r10","article-title":"Some Federal Health Websites Restored, Others Still Down, After Data Purge","author":"Stone","journal-title":"National Public Radio"},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r5","unstructured":"5. Exec. Order No. 14,151, 90 Fed. Reg. 8339 (Jan. 20, 2025)."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r8","unstructured":"8. See Singer, supra note 7."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r11","unstructured":"11. See Singer, supra note 7."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r12","unstructured":"12. American Academy of Family Physicians, \u201cStatement from Leading Physician Groups on Removal of Data and Guidance from Federal Websites,\u201d press release, February 6, 2025, https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/news\/media-center\/statements\/removal-of-data-and-guidance-from-federal-websites.html."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r20","unstructured":"20. Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 2001, Pub. L. No. 106-554, \u00a7515, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-153-54 (2001); 44 U.S.C. \u00a7 3516 (2001)."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r23","unstructured":"23. See Cortez, supra note 3, at 344."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r25","unstructured":"25. Id."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r28","unstructured":"28. 5 U.S.C. \u00a7 706 (2022)."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r6","article-title":"Health Resources Vanish Following D.E.I. and Gender Orders","author":"Rabin","year":"2025","journal-title":"New York Times"},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r30","unstructured":"30. 5 U.S.C. \u00a7 1103 (2022)."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1229510"},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r44","first-page":"731","article-title":"Judicial Supervision of Executive Secrecy: Rethinking Freedom of Expression for Government Employees and the Public Right of Access to Government Information","volume":"69","author":"Cheh","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cornell Law Review"},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r9","unstructured":"9. \u201cAbout AtlasPlus,\u201d National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and Tuberculosis Prevention, CDC, December 17, 2024, https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchhstp\/about\/atlasplus.html."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r14","unstructured":"14. \u201cPubMed,\u201d National Library of Medicine, https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/ (last visited February 13, 2025)."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r31","unstructured":"31. See Doctors for America, supra note 27."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r13","unstructured":"13. Association of Schools & Programs of Public Health, \u201cASPPH Statement on the Removal of Critical CDC Data Sets and the Suspension of Scientific Publications,\u201d press release, February 3, 2025, https:\/\/aspph.org\/news\/pressroom\/aspph-statement-on-the-removal-of-critical-cdc-data-sets-and-the-suspension-of-scientific-publications\/."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r43","unstructured":"43. Richmond Newspapers, Inc. v. Virginia, 448 U.S. 555 (1980)."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r37","unstructured":"37. Bostock v. Clayton Cnty., 590 U.S. 644 (2020)."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r27","unstructured":"27. Doctors for America v. OPM, No. 25-322, 2024 WL 452707 (D.D.C. February 11, 2025). (https:\/\/fingfx.thomsonreuters.com\/gfx\/legaldocs\/gdpzkzmekvw\/DFA%20v%20OPM%20opinion%202-11.pdf)."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r7","article-title":"Thousands of U.S. Government Web Pages Have Been Taken down Since Friday","author":"Singer","journal-title":"New York Times: The Upshot"},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r17","article-title":"How Vaccine Misinformation Made the COVID-19 Death Toll Worse","author":"Mart\u00ednez","journal-title":"National Public Radio"},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r1","article-title":"White House Failed to Comply With Court Order, Judge Rules","author":"Schwartz","journal-title":"New York Times"},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r33","unstructured":"33. Exec. Order No. 14,168, 90 Fed. Reg. 8615 (January 20, 2025)."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r2","first-page":"601","article-title":"Shuttered Government","volume":"62","author":"Glicksman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arizona Law Review"},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r16","article-title":"Health Misinformation is Lowering U.S. Life Expectancy, FDA Commissioner Robert Califf Says","author":"Tirrell","journal-title":"Consumer News and Business Channel"},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r29","unstructured":"29. 44 U.S.C. \u00a7\u00a7 3501, 3506 (2001)."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r34","unstructured":"34. Exec. Order No. 14,151, 90 Fed. Reg. 8339 (January 20, 2025)."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r36","unstructured":"36. A. Harmon and J. Marcur, \u201cJudge Temporarily Stops Trump\u2019s Plan to End Funds for Trans Youths\u2019 Health Providers,\u201d New York Times, February 14, 2025, https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/02\/13\/us\/trump-trans-youth-health-providers.html."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r4","unstructured":"4. Exec. Order No. 14,168, 90 Fed. Reg. 8615 (Jan. 20, 2025)."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r42","first-page":"205","article-title":"A Structural Imperative: Freedom of Information, the First Amendment, and the Accountability Function of Expression","volume":"38","author":"Wagner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Quinnipiac Law Review"},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r32","unstructured":"32. FDA v. All. for Hippocratic Med., 602 U.S. 367 (2024)."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r3","first-page":"315","article-title":"Information Mischief Under the Trump Administration","volume":"94","author":"Cortez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chicago-Kent Law Review"},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r38","unstructured":"38. Students for Fair Admission, Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard Coll., 600 U.S. 181 (2023)."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r19","unstructured":"19. Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. \u00a7 552 (2022)."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r18","unstructured":"18. See Cortez, supra note 3, at 339\u2013344."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r39","unstructured":"39. Id."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r41","first-page":"164","article-title":"Public\u2019s Right of Access to Government Information Under the First Amendment","volume":"51","author":"Cohen","year":"1974","journal-title":"Chicago-Kent Law Review"},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r15","unstructured":"15. See Stone and Huang, supra note 10."},{"key":"S1073110525101204_r21","unstructured":"21. Whistleblower Protection Act, 5 U.S.C. \u00a7 2302(b)(8)(A) (2012)."}],"container-title":["Journal of Law, Medicine &amp; Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1073110525101204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T11:59:13Z","timestamp":1765799953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1073110525101204\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"alternative-id":["S1073110525101204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/jme.2025.10120","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-1105","1748-720X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-1105","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-720X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}