{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:27:17Z","timestamp":1785414437406,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":68,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30MH062294"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30MH062294"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Law. Med. Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted an exploratory cross-sectional analysis of ethical principles and practices in forty-one published research papers with empirical data on HIV prevalence, incidence, or risk factors in humanitarian settings. We identified ten key concepts pertinent to ethical principles and applications, and presented recommendations to inform future HIV prevention research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/jme.2026.10246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T03:07:51Z","timestamp":1773112071000},"page":"143-155","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ethical Principles and Practices in HIV Acquisition Research in Humanitarian Crises: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Dina","family":"Garmroudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03v76x132","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Yale University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3505-3199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dini","family":"Harsono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03v76x132","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Yale University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03v76x132","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Yale University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swarali","family":"Atre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03v76x132","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Yale University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winnie","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03v76x132","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Yale University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03v76x132","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Yale University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Nyhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03v76x132","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Yale University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03v76x132","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Yale University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03v76x132","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Yale School of Public Health, Yale University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00wf4pt88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Management Sciences for Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Lucian","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03v76x132","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Yale University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03v76x132","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Yale School of Public Health, Yale University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03v76x132","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Yale University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaveh","family":"Khoshnood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03v76x132","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Yale University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03v76x132","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Yale School of Public Health, Yale University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1073110526102460_r65","unstructured":"65. Luo et al., \u201cNorthern Uganda five years after a violent conflict.\u201d"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r73","unstructured":"73. Seagle et al., \u201cResearch ethics and refugee health.\u201d"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199511000-00017"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r49","unstructured":"49. 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Holt et al., \u201cPlanning STI\/HIV Prevention Among Refugees.\u201d"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r3","unstructured":"3. OCHA, \u201cUkraine,\u201d United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, https:\/\/www.unocha.org\/ukraine (last visited January 27, 2026)."},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1125-4"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r54","unstructured":"54. Todd et al., \u201cHepatitis C and HIV incidence.\u201d"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r14","volume-title":"The Belmont Report","author":"Ryan","year":"1979"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r24","unstructured":"24. Harsono et al., \u201cFactors Associated with HIV Acquisition\u201d (see endnote 7)."},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2019-001870"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2007.07.005"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r69","unstructured":"69. 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Harsono et al., \u201cFactors Associated with HIV Acquisition\u201d (see endnote 7)."},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r25","unstructured":"25. Seagle et al., \u201cResearch ethics and refugee health;\u201d Bruno and Haar, \u201c[C]onducting research in the humanitarian setting.\u201d"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-018-1134-4"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r89","unstructured":"89. Davidson et al., \u201cEthical Considerations in Research.\u201d"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r55","unstructured":"55. Mootz et al., \u201cTransactional sex work and HIV.\""},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r61","unstructured":"61. Adedimeji et al., \u201cSexual Behavior and Risk Practices\u201d; Haffejee and Maksudi, \u201cUnderstanding the risk factors for HIV acquisition\u201d; Heimer et al., \u201cHIV Risk, Prevalence, and Access to Care\u201d; Malamba et al., \u201cMid-Northern Uganda districts\u201d; Mootz et al., \u201cTransactional sex work and HIV\u201d; O\u2019Laughlin et al., \u201cPredictors of HIV infection\u201d; Patel et al., \u201cComparison of HIV-related vulnerabilities\u201d; Patel et al., \u201cLost in Transition\u201d; Patel et al., \u201cWar and HIV\u201d; Plewes et al., \u201cLow seroprevalence of HIV and syphilis\u201d; Spittal et al., \u201cGender Differences in HIV Infection\u201d; Zihindula and Maharaj, \u201cRisk of Sexual Violence.\u201d"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-015-0056-z"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000000673"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46658\/JBIMES-24-01"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r66","unstructured":"66. 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WHO ethical and safety recommendations for researching, documenting and monitoring sexual violence in emergencies (World Health Organization, January 9, 2007) https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241595681 (last visited January 27, 2026); Policy Statement on HIV Testing and Counselling for Refugees and Other Persons of Concern to UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2014), https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/media\/updated-policy-statement-hiv-testing-and-counselling-refugees-and-other-persons-concern-unhcr (last visited January 27, 2026); World report on the health of refugees and migrants (World Health Organization, July 20, 2022), https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240054462 (last visited January 28, 2026)."},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r60","unstructured":"60. Anthonj et al., \u201cThe impact of flooding on people living with HIV\u201d; Goldenberg et al., \u201cWar-Related Abduction and History of Incarceration\u201d; Goldenberg et al., \u201cHigh burden of previously undiagnosed HIV infections\u201d; Todd et al., \u201cHepatitis C and HIV incidence.\u201d"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774520905596"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-7717.00216"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r70","unstructured":"70. Crawshaw et al., \u201cInfectious disease testing of UK-bound refugees.\u201d"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r52","unstructured":"52. Mootz et al., \u201cTransactional sex work and HIV\u201d; Todd et al., \u201cHepatitis C and HIV incidence.\u201d"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-016-0148-7"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-017-0231-y"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r97","unstructured":"97. \u201cRecommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals,\u201d International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, https:\/\/www.icmje.org\/recommendations\/ (last visited January 29, 2026)."},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r90","unstructured":"90. Mezinska et al., \u201cResearch in disaster settings.\u201d"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2023.44.1.20240012"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r41","unstructured":"41. 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Courtney et al., \u201cSudan People\u2019s Liberation Army.\u201d"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r63","unstructured":"63. Harbertson et al., \u201cPrevalence of PTSD and depression\u201d; Katamba et al., \u201cHIV incidence in post-conflict Northern Uganda\u201d; Malamba et al., \u201cMid-Northern Uganda districts\u201d; Patel et al., \u201cWar and HIV.\u201d"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002727"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100408"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r53","unstructured":"53. Adedimeji et al., \u201cSexual Behavior and Risk Practices\u201d; Spittal et al., \u201cGender Differences in HIV Infection\u201d; Heimer et al., \u201cHIV Risk, Prevalence, and Access to Care.\u201d"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r17","unstructured":"17. 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Todd et al., \u201cHepatitis C and HIV incidence.\u201d"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41073-016-0006-7"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/095646249400500208"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-023-00542-9"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000218564.20521.51"},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r2","unstructured":"2. 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Brown et al., HPTN Ethics Guidance for Research."},{"key":"S1073110526102460_r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2013.779028"}],"container-title":["Journal of Law, Medicine &amp; Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1073110526102460","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T12:32:53Z","timestamp":1780576373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1073110526102460\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"alternative-id":["S1073110526102460"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/jme.2026.10246","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-1105","1748-720X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-1105","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-720X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}