{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T22:23:02Z","timestamp":1789597382056,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]],"date-time":"2019-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551139200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":56,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]],"date-time":"2019-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551139200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":56,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Nutr Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies on the nutritional status of vegetarians in Spain are lacking. Prevention of vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>deficiency is the main concern, as dietary sources are of animal origin. The present study aimed to evaluate vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>and folate status of Spanish vegetarians using classical markers and functional markers. Participants were adult and healthy lacto-ovo vegetarians (forty-nine subjects) and vegans (fifty-four subjects) who underwent blood analyses and completed a FFQ. Serum vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>, homocysteine (Hcy), methylmalonic acid (MMA), erythrocyte folate and haematological parameters were determined. The effects of the type of plant-based diet, and the intake of supplements and foods were studied by a FFQ. Mean erythrocyte folate was 1704 (<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>609) nmol\/l. Clinical or subclinical vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>deficiency was detected in 11\u00a0% of the subjects (MMA&gt;271\u00a0nmol\/l) and 33\u00a0% of the participants showed hyperhomocysteinaemia (Hcy&gt;15\u00a0<jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>mol\/l). Regarding plant-based diet type, significantly higher Hcy was observed in lacto-ovo vegetarians compared with vegans (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7019). Moreover, use of vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>supplements involved an improvement of vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>status but further increase in erythrocyte folate (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7024). Consumption of yoghurts was weakly associated with serum vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>adequacy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7049) and that of eggs with lower Hcy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7030). In conclusion, Spanish vegetarians present high folate status but vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>subclinical deficiency was demonstrated using functional markers. The lack of influence of dietary sources on functional markers and the strong effect of vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>supplement intake emphasise the need of cobalamin supplementation in both lacto-ovo vegetarians and vegans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2019.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]],"date-time":"2019-02-26T08:33:50Z","timestamp":1551170030000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub>and folate status in Spanish lacto-ovo vegetarians and vegans"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0765-9310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ang\u00e9lica","family":"Gallego-Narb\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Zapatera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Barrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8828-5423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. 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