{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T17:23:08Z","timestamp":1763400188387,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":58,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Nutr Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary carotenoid intake and periodontitis in diabetic patients. Data on diabetic patients were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009\u20132014 for this cross-sectional study. Dietary intake of carotenoids was assessed through the first 24-hour dietary recall interview. Full-mouth periodontal examinations were conducted by trained dental examiners. Subgroup analysis was conducted in terms of age, gender, the number of missing teeth, cardiovascular disease, smoking, and anti-diabetic drugs. Totally 1914 diabetic patients were included, with 1281 (66.93%) in the periodontitis group. After adjusting for age, gender, race, education, smoking, dental implants, hepatitis, and the number of missing teeth, \u03b1-carotene intake \u226555.82 mcg was associated with lower odds of periodontitis than \u03b1-carotene intake &lt;55.82 mcg [OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.53\u20130.91, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.010]; lutein and zeaxanthin intake \u2265795.95 mcg was associated with decreased odds of periodontitis than lutein and zeaxanthin intake &lt;795.95 mcg (OR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.57\u20130.98, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.039). The association between carotenoid intake and periodontitis varied across different subpopulations. In diabetes, dietary intake of \u03b1-carotene and lutein and zeaxanthin was inversely associated with the odds of periodontitis, which may facilitate clinical periodontitis management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2023.116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T07:53:38Z","timestamp":1709106818000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association between carotenoid intake and periodontitis in diabetic patients"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Fengli","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4999-9210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yujie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2015.140520","article-title":"Update on prevalence of periodontitis in adults in the United States: NHANES 2009 to 2012","volume":"86","author":"Eke","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Periodontol."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122466","article-title":"Abnormal micronutrient intake is associated with the risk of periodontitis: A dose-response association study based on NHANES 2009\u20132014","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.19365","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes by race and ethnicity in the United States, 2011\u20132016","volume":"322","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12285","article-title":"Assessment of partial-mouth periodontal examination protocols for periodontitis surveillance","volume":"41","author":"Tran","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.14505","article-title":"Lycopene Ameliorated oxidative stress and inflammation in type 2 diabetic rats","volume":"84","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Food Sci."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071465","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1071465","article-title":"Systemic immune-inflammation index is associated with diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: Evidence from NHANES 2011\u20132018","volume":"13","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxx006","article-title":"Periodontal disease, tooth loss, and cancer risk","volume":"39","author":"Michaud","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-02761-1","article-title":"Association between retinol intake and periodontal health in US adults","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref22","first-page":"72","article-title":"Sex and ethnic differences in validity of self-reported adult height, weight and body mass index","volume":"22","author":"Wen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ethn Dis."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-39126-7_14","article-title":"Carotenoids as a source of antioxidants in the diet","volume":"79","author":"Xavier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Subcell Biochem."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1017\/S136898001100365X","article-title":"Gender-specific relationships between alcohol drinking patterns and metabolic syndrome: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12342","article-title":"Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of oxidative stress: We should treat it that way","volume":"84","author":"Sczepanik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2012.110664","article-title":"Update of the case definitions for population-based surveillance of periodontitis","volume":"83","author":"Eke","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Periodontol."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12803","article-title":"An update on the evidence for pathogenic mechanisms that may link periodontitis and diabetes","volume":"45","author":"Polak","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00351","article-title":"Pathways that regulate ROS scavenging enzymes, and their role in defense against tissue destruction in periodontitis","volume":"8","author":"Kanzaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3367","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113367","article-title":"Nutrition management in older adults with diabetes: A review on the importance of shifting prevention strategies from metabolic syndrome to frailty","volume":"12","author":"Tamura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01281.x","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and periodontitis: An update on the associations and risk","volume":"35","author":"Persson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192625","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1192625","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus promotes susceptibility to periodontitis-novel insight into the molecular mechanisms","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuz035","article-title":"Poor dietary intake of nutrients and food groups are associated with increased risk of periodontal disease among community-dwelling older adults: A systematic literature review","volume":"78","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr Rev."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-1340","article-title":"Peripheral neuropathy and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in U.S. Adults: A prospective cohort study","volume":"174","author":"Hicks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11122386","article-title":"Serum \u03b1-Carotene, but not other antioxidants, is positively associated with muscle strength in older adults: NHANES 2001\u20132002","volume":"11","author":"Bruno","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2009.01468.x","article-title":"Antioxidants and periodontitis in 60\u201370-year-old men","volume":"36","author":"Linden","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-15-108","article-title":"Adiposity measures, lean body mass, physical activity and mortality: NHANES 1999\u20132004","volume":"15","author":"Navaneethan","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmab048","article-title":"Dietary intake and circulating concentrations of carotenoids and risk of type 2 diabetes: A dose-response meta-analysis of prospective observational studies","volume":"12","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Nutr."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2012.03.002","article-title":"Lutein: More than just a filter for blue light","volume":"31","author":"Kijlstra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072441","article-title":"A systematic review of carotenoids in the management of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"13","author":"Lem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12606","article-title":"Periodontal disease severity is associated with micronutrient intake","volume":"63","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aust Dent J."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14103","article-title":"Oxidative stress in human gingival fibroblasts from periodontitis versus healthy counterparts","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj007","article-title":"Serum antioxidants, inflammation, and total mortality in older women","volume":"163","author":"Walston","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12630","article-title":"Current concepts in the management of periodontitis","volume":"71","author":"Kwon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Dent J."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101482","article-title":"Sex differences in inflammation, redox biology, mitochondria and autoimmunity","volume":"31","author":"Di Florio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092639","article-title":"Dietary \u03b2-Cryptoxanthin and \u03b1-Carotene have greater apparent bioavailability than \u03b2-Carotene in subjects from countries with different dietary patterns","volume":"12","author":"Olmedilla-Alonso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13506","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of severe periodontitis, 1990\u20132019: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0064-2","article-title":"Inflammageing: Chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty","volume":"15","author":"Ferrucci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2342-y","article-title":"Periodontitis and diabetes: A two-way relationship","volume":"55","author":"Preshaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530314666141111103217","article-title":"Vitamins and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"15","author":"Vald\u00e9s-Ramos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-019-0777-6","article-title":"Overview and quality assurance for the oral health component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011\u20132014","volume":"19","author":"Dye","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980012002637","article-title":"Dietary antioxidants and periodontal disease in community-based older Japanese: A 2-year follow-up study","volume":"16","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2512","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.211524","article-title":"Higher intakes of fruits and vegetables, \u03b2-Carotene, vitamin C, \u03b1-Tocopherol, EPA, and DHA are positively associated with periodontal healing after nonsurgical periodontal therapy in nonsmokers but not in smokers","volume":"145","author":"Dodington","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001681","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2020-001681","article-title":"Dietary intake of adults with and without diabetes: Results from NHANES 2013\u20132016","volume":"8","author":"McClure","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care."},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10091448","article-title":"Lutein as a modulator of oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory diseases","volume":"10","author":"Ahn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)."},{"volume-title":"Diabetes in America","year":"2018","author":"Borgnakke","key":"S2048679023001167_ref16"},{"key":"S2048679023001167_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.02.014","article-title":"Effect of smoking on periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-regression","volume":"54","author":"Leite","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nutritional Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2048679023001167","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T07:53:55Z","timestamp":1709106835000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2048679023001167\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S2048679023001167"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/jns.2023.116","relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-6790"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2048-6790"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"article-number":"e11"}}