{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:47:00Z","timestamp":1785422820159,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":181,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Nutr Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Food habits vary across ethnic groups and geographical regions. However, validated dietary assessment tools accounting for such diversity remain limited. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was developed and validated to assess the habitual food intake of adolescents and adults across Malaysia. The 147-item FFQ was constructed using commonly consumed foods from five main ethnicities (Malay, Chinese, Indian, and Sabah and Sarawak indigenous groups) identified from national surveys. A cross-sectional validation study was conducted among purposively sampled healthy individuals aged 10\u201359 years from 16 administrative regions. Trained community nutritionists administered the FFQ to assess monthly intake, alongside a three-day dietary record and recall (3DRR) covering two weekdays and one weekend. Spearman\u2019s correlation, Bland\u2013Altman plots, and quartile cross-classification evaluated the agreement between the FFQ and 3DRR for energy, macronutrients, and selected micronutrients (Vitamin C, thiamine, calcium, and iron). Respondents (n = 361; 50.3% adults, 49.7% adolescents) were 50.4% female and represented five main ethnicities (range: 15.8\u201325.2%), with 60.4% from Peninsular Malaysia. Energy intake estimated by the FFQ (median: 2285 kcal) was significantly higher than by the 3DRR (median: 1785 kcal; Wilcoxon p &lt; 0.001). Spearman\u2019s correlation coefficients observed for energy (crude r = 0.31), and selected nutrients (energy-adjusted r range: 0.19\u20130.38), along with &lt;10% of extreme quartile misclassification indicated acceptable ranking ability and agreement for most nutrients. Bland\u2013Altman plots indicated no proportional bias for energy and macronutrients. In conclusion, the FFQ is a valid tool for assessing dietary intake within the multi-ethnic Malaysian population nationwide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2026.10119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T07:58:15Z","timestamp":1782892695000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and validation of a food frequency questionnaire for national nutrition surveillance among Malaysian adolescents and adults"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4745-8735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly Yuin Y\u2019ng","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ddxe180","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4016-6809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad Ali","family":"Zainuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ddxe180","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruhaya","family":"Salleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ddxe180","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lalitha","family":"Palaniveloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ddxe180","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azli","family":"Baharudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ddxe180","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor Ul-Aziha","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ddxe180","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khairul Hasnan","family":"Amali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ddxe180","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4155-8089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sulhariza","family":"Husni Zain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ddxe180","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wai Kent","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ddxe180","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2048679026101190_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/154.12.1089"},{"key":"S2048679026101190_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-015-0027-y"},{"key":"S2048679026101190_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2021.94"},{"key":"S2048679026101190_ref32","first-page":"408","article-title":"Developing and validating a version of the food frequency questionnaire for young adults in a public university in Malaysia","volume":"32","author":"Ghazali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S2048679026101190_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2015190"},{"key":"S2048679026101190_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041163"},{"key":"S2048679026101190_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980018002951"},{"key":"S2048679026101190_ref2","unstructured":"2. 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Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia. National Health and Morbidity Survey 2014: Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS), Vol. 1: Methodology and general findings. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 2014."},{"key":"S2048679026101190_ref10","first-page":"898","article-title":"Comparative validity of a Food Frequency Questionnaire (MyUM Adolescent FFQ) to estimate the habitual dietary intake of adolescents in Malaysia","volume":"27","author":"Mohamed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"S2048679026101190_ref1","unstructured":"1. Institute for Public Health MoHM. National Health and Morbidity Survey: Non-communicable diseases, 2019."},{"key":"S2048679026101190_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.70.106"},{"key":"S2048679026101190_ref15","unstructured":"15. Institute for Public Health MoHM. 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