{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:16:12Z","timestamp":1790820972375,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,21]],"date-time":"2013-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363824000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med. Hist."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper seeks to balance the regional and thematic focus of cholera historiography by examining maritime quarantine in Busan, as it was devised and implemented by Japanese officials and doctors during the pre-colonial period. It also places the relationship between Korea and Japan in the context of relations with China, Russia and Britain. This paper shows that quarantine measures in Busan and other Korean ports reflected the rise of Japanese imperial power and the increasing desire on the part of the Japanese to establish an effective borderline for their regional empire.<\/jats:p><jats:p>From 1879 Japan began to impose maritime quarantine in Busan, where Japanese influence was very strong even before the colonial period, though at that time Japan was unable to perform quarantine in its own ports independently due to the objections of Western powers, particularly Britain. Victories in the Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese wars established Japan as a regional power on equal terms with the West, and as the dominant power in Korea and Eastern Asia. With the acquisition of the right to impose quarantine in its homeland, Japan strengthened and extended the range of quarantine from Japan to Korea, China and Russia. Now quarantine screened Japan from potentially harmful agents \u2013 pathogenic and political \u2013 and its functions diversified further as modernisation and imperial expansion gathered pace. The reliance which Japan placed upon quarantine in maintaining its empire explains why it was increasingly out of step with other powers regarding international sanitary precautions. The Japanese maritime quarantine in Busan during this period therefore shows many aspects of Japan\u2019s \u2018national empire\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/mdh.2012.104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,21]],"date-time":"2013-03-21T15:35:34Z","timestamp":1363880134000},"page":"226-248","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Borderline of \u2018Empire\u2019: Japanese Maritime Quarantine in Busan c.1876\u20131910"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Jeong-Ran","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0025727312001044_r91","unstructured":"Suzuki, op. cit. (note 30), 188."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r85","unstructured":"\u2018Eisei ni Kansuru Maruyama Kankoku Keimu Komon no Kunji [Instructions of Sanitary Policy Issued by the Police Adviser Maruyama]\u2019, Dai Nihon Shiritsu Eiseikai Zasshi, Dai 275G\u014d, 1906\/5."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r68","unstructured":"K\u014dseish\u014d, op. cit. (note 11), 21."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r12","unstructured":"Yamamoto, op. cit. (note 5), 544."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r61","unstructured":"Song Geum-Yeong, op. cit. (note 42), 199."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r36","unstructured":"Fusan-Fu, \u2018Y\u016bbingbutsu no Sh\u014ddoku Shik\u014d [The operation of the disinfection of post]\u2019, op. cit. (note 25), 108."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r84","unstructured":"Occasionally, Japanese fishermen who fished off the Busan coast were seized with cholera (\u2018Meiji 40nen Kankoku B\u014deki Shimatsu (Sh\u014dzen) [Report on the Prevention of Epidemics in Korea in 1907]\u2019, Dai Nihon Shiritsu Eiseikai Zasshi, Dai 308G\u014d, 1908\/12)."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r33","unstructured":"Hamlin, op. cit. (note 3), 4\u20136."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r79","unstructured":"Rogaski, op. cit. (note 67), 260."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r57","unstructured":"Walters to Walsham, 29 September 1887."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r90","unstructured":"K\u014dseish\u014d, op. cit. (note 11), 580."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r60","unstructured":"Fusan-Fuhen, Busan Furitsu By\u014ding Sh\u014dshi [The History of Busan Hospital] (Fusan: Fusan-Fu, 1936)."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r44","first-page":"387","volume-title":"Hae-eun Ilrok [Diary of Hae-Eun]","author":"Geon-ho","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r70","unstructured":"K\u014dseish\u014d, op. cit. (note 11), 578."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r16","unstructured":"K\u014dseish\u014d, op. cit. (note 11), 28\u20139."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r34","unstructured":"Fusan-Fu, \u2018Sempaku no Ken\u2019eki Kokuji [Notice of maritime Quarantine]\u2019, op. cit. (note 25), 105."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r89","unstructured":"Ibid., 47."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025727300058440"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r56","unstructured":"Yoon and Kim, op. cit. (note 41), 94."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r39","unstructured":"Hanguk Gyeongchalsa PyeonjipWiwonhoe Pyeonchan, \u2018Zai Ch\u014dsen Ry\u014djikan Kunrei [Instructions to Consulates in Korea]\u2019, in Gaimush\u014d Keisatsushi Kankokunobu (ed.), Hanguk Gyeongchalsa, Vol. 1 (Seoul: Koryeoseorim, 1989), 287."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r37","unstructured":"Fusan-Fu, \u2018Sempaku no Sh\u014ddoku oyobi Ken\u2019eki no Jisshi [The operation of the disinfection of ships and maritime quarantine]\u2019, op. cit. (note 25), 112."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0018246X06005280"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r8","unstructured":"Dong-Won Shin , Hoyeolja Joseoneul Seubgyeokhada [Cholera Assails Korea] (Seoul: Yeoksa wa Bipyeong, 2004); Baek Seon-Rye, \u20181919.1920nyeon Singminji Joseonui Cholera Yuhaeng gwa Bangyeok Hwaldong [Cholera Epidemics and Prevention of Epidemics in Korea during 1919 and 1920]\u2019 (unpublished MA thesis: Hanyang University, 2011)."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r73","unstructured":"Yoon and Kim, op. cit. (note 41), 108."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r25","unstructured":"Fusan-Fu, \u2018Kyory\u016bchi no Rinji Yob\u014d Shik\u014d [Operation of extraordinary preventions in the Japanese settlement]\u2019, in Genky\u014d Tog\u014d (ed.), Fusan Fushi Genk\u014d, Vol. 6 (Fusan: Fusan-Fu, 1936), 106."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r96","first-page":"74","volume-title":"The Social History of Health and Medicine in Colonial India","author":"Dutta","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r81","unstructured":"D\u014djinkai was the association of Japanese doctors, founded in 1902. The main aim of its activities was to support Japanese imperial expansion into Asia medically rather than politically. In Korea, the D\u014djinkai cooperated with the Tonggambu; Park Yoon-Jae, \u2018Tonggambuui Uihakjibae Jeongchaekgwa Donginhoe [The Control of Medicine by the Residency-General and Donginhoe]\u2019, Dongbang Hakji, 119 (2003), 95\u2013138."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r59","unstructured":"Chonggwan Gongmun (Balsin: Dokbyen Tongri Gyoseop Tongsang Samu Susin: Seori Chongsemusa), 1891\/1\/11, http:\/\/www.koreanhistory.or.kr\u00a0(accessed 3 May 2012)."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r43","unstructured":"Yoon and Kim, op. cit. (note 41), 60."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r21","unstructured":"Harrison, Public Health, op. cit. (note 17), ch. 4."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r7","first-page":"66","volume-title":"Ch\u014dsen Igakushi oyobi Shippeishi [The History of Medicine and Disease in Korea]","author":"Miki","year":"1955"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r62","unstructured":"Yamamoto, op. cit. (note 5), 104."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r14","unstructured":"Yamamoto, op. cit. (note 5), 549."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r41","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Keundae Joseon Haegwan Yeongu [A Study of Modern Customs in Korea]","author":"Kwang-Un","year":"2007"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r53","unstructured":"Yoon and Kim, op. cit. (note 41), 69."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r103","unstructured":"\u2018Kankoku Gy\u016bekidan [Rinderpest in Korea]\u2019, Kankoku Ch\u016b\u014d N\u014dkaih\u014d, Dai 2Kan Dai 7G\u014d, 1908\/7."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r5","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Nihon Korera-shi [The History of Cholera in Japan]","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1982"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r9","first-page":"482","volume-title":"Maritime Quarantine: The British Experience, c.1650\u20131900","author":"Booker","year":"2007"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r80","unstructured":"Ariyoshi Akira, Kyory\u016bchi Eisei Kairy\u014dhi ni Kokko Hojowo furuno Hitsuy\u014d ni tsuki Hikenrinshin no Ken [The Matter of Subsidy from the Japanese Government for the Improvement of Sanitation of the Japanese Settlement in Busan], Kimitsu Dai 34G\u014d Meiji 37nen 8gatsu 16nichi Zai Busan Ry\u014dji Ariyoshi Akira [Japanese consul, Busan] Gaimudaijin Danshaku [Foreign Minister Lord] Komura Jutar\u014d, 3\/11\/5\/5, Gaik\u014dshiry\u014dkan [Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan]."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r31","unstructured":"Fusan-Fu, \u2018Kyory\u016bchi no Eisei Shisetsu ni Kansuru Futatsu [Information concerning sanitary facilities in the Japanese Settlement]\u2019, op. cit. (note 25), 151."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r35","unstructured":"In 1880 the Japanese Consulate and the police office were established in the settlement. Before establishing the police office, the settlers organised a resident\u2019s association for the Prevention of Epidemics and the measurement of safety under the management of the Japanese authorities."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r40","volume-title":"Meijiki Gaimush\u014d Ch\u014dsash\u016bsei Dai 9kan Ry\u014djikan Shitsumu Sank\u014dsho [Corpus of Diplomatic Correspondence of the Meiji Period]","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r46","unstructured":"Fusan-Fu, \u2018Dongraefushi no Yob\u014dyaku T\u014dki to Fusan Ry\u014dji no Kitsumon [The disposal of prophylactics by the Ddngrae officer and admonishment of the Japanese consul in Busan]\u2019, op. cit. (note 25), 324."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r27","unstructured":"Fusan-Fu, \u2018Kyory\u016bchi no K\u014dts\u016bshadan [Sanitary cordons in the Japanese settlement]\u2019, op. cit. (note 25), 330."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r87","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Bugwan Yeolrakseongwa Busan [The Kampu Ferry and Busan]","author":"Yeong-Ho","year":"2007"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r47","unstructured":"Min Geon-ho, op. cit. (note 44), 563\u20134."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r10","unstructured":"Gaimush\u014dhen [Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (ed.)], Nihon Gaik\u014dmonjo 10kan [Japanese Diplomatic Correspondence, 10] (Tokyo: Nihon Kokusai Reng\u014d Ky\u014dkai, 1949), 226."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r94","unstructured":"Hamlin, op. cit. (note 3), 106."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r42","volume-title":"Russia ui Dongbuga Jinchul gwa Hanbando Jeongchaek (1860\u20131905) [Russia\u2019s Policy towards Korea and its Advance on East Asia 1860-1905]","author":"Geum-Yeong","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r48","first-page":"2","volume-title":"Keirin Iji Ge [Medical Affairs in Korea]","author":"Koike","year":"1887"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r77","unstructured":"Inoue, Yongsangwa Mapoeseo cholera Geomyeok Silsireul Joseon Jeongbueseo Dongui [The Operation of Quarantine in Yongsan and Mapo by the Japanese Military and Agreement of the Korean Government] (Balsin: K\u014dshi Inoue Susin: Heitanbu Takagi), 1895\/7\/22, available online at http:\/\/www.koreanhistory.or.kr\u00a0(accessed 31 May 2011)."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r51","unstructured":"Report of visit to Corean Ports, enclosed with Mr Walters, H. M. Consulate General, Seoul, to Sir John Walsham, 29 September 1887, FO 228\/1012, TNA."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r49","unstructured":"Seoul Medical attendance (1). The customary annual charge by Dr Allen, the regular medical practitioner engaged by Europeans in Seoul, is per annum: (a) for bachelors, $100; (b) for married couples, $200; And (c) for married couples with children, $200. Chemulpo Medical Attendance (1). The customary annual charge by Dr Tanaka, who is a surgeon of the Japanese Army attached to the Japanese consulate at that Port, is per annum: (a) for bachelors, $60; (b) for married couples, $120; and (c) for married couples with children, $60 per child. (Medical attendance (fees), enclosed with E. Colborne Baker, H. M. Consul General, Seoul, to N. R. O\u2019Conor, H. M. Consulate, Peking, 5 January 1886, FO 228\/1012, The National Archives, UK, hereafter TNA.)."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r72","unstructured":"Kimitsukei Dai 8G\u014d, Fusan Kaikan Soshiki ni Kansuru Ken [The Matter of the Organisation of the Busan Customs] (Hasshin: Zai Fusan Itt\u014d Ry\u014dji Ishy\u016bin Jushin: Zai Keijo Benrik\u014dshi Kat\u014d), 1898\/5\/4, available online at http:\/\/db.history.go.kr\u00a0(accessed 21 June 2011)."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r22","first-page":"139","volume-title":"Contagion and the State in Empire 1830 to 1890","author":"Baldwin","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r1","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Public Health in Asia and the Pacific: Historical and Comparative Perspectives","author":"Anesaki","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r24","unstructured":"Booker, op. cit. (note 9), 534\u201345."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r20","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Spreading Germs: Disease Theories and Medical Practice in Britain, 1865\u20131900","author":"Worboys","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r2","unstructured":"Yamamuro Shin\u2019ichi , \u2018Kokumin Kokka.Nihon no Keisei to K\u016bkanchi [Rebuilding Japan as a national empire and the knowledge of space]\u2019, in Shin\u2019ichi Yamamuro (ed.), Teikoku Nihon no Gakuchi Dai 8kan K\u016bkankeisei to Sekai Ninshiki (Tokyo: Iwanamishoten, 2006), 19\u201376."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r71","unstructured":"Yoon and Kim, op. cit. (note 41), 109."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r67","first-page":"160","volume-title":"Hygienic Modernity: Meanings of Health and Disease in Treaty-Port China","author":"Rogaski","year":"2004"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r95","volume-title":"Governance and Policing of Colonial Korea: 1904\u20131919","author":"Toshihiko","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r6","first-page":"518","volume-title":"Hanguk Uihak Moonhwa Deayeonpyo [Chronology of Medicine and Culture in Korea]","author":"Du-Jong","year":"1966"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r19","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Cholera and Nation: Doctoring the Social Body in Victorian England","author":"Gilbert","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r29","unstructured":"Yoshir\u014d Ono, $\\lt $ Seiketsu $\\gt $ no KindaiEiseish\u014dkakaraK\u014dkin goodse, [Cleanliness and Modernity]\u2019 (Tokyo: K\u014ddansha Senshomeche, 1997), 90."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r18","volume-title":"Public Health and Social Justice in the Age of Chadwick: Britain, 1800\u20131854","author":"Hamlin","year":"1998"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1740022806000131"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r11","unstructured":"K\u014dseish\u014d K\u014dsh\u016beiseikyoku Hensh [Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (ed.)], Ken\u2019eki Sido Hyakunen-shi [One Hundred Years of the System of Quarantine] (Tokyo: Gy\u014dsei, 1980), 3\u201316."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r28","unstructured":"Gaimush\u014dhen, op. cit. (note 10), 12kan, 233."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r30","first-page":"184","volume-title":"The Development of Modern Medicine in Non-Western Countries","author":"Suzuki","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199546244.001.0001","volume-title":"Cholera: The Biography","author":"Hamlin","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r26","unstructured":"Gaimush\u014dhen, op. cit. (note 10), 12kan, 233."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r32","unstructured":"\u2018Ry\u014djikan Rokuji Ikeizaimoku [List of Offences enacted by the Japanese Consul]\u2019, Ch\u014dsenjih\u014d Dai 5 G\u014d, 1882\/3\/5."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r13","unstructured":"K\u014dseish\u014d, op. cit. (note 11), 15\u201316."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r38","unstructured":"The Saisei Iing was built by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the settlement in 1877 to treat settlers and foreigners, including Koreans; its doctors also assisted the consulate and police. After 1886 the administrative system was changed from a state hospital to a public hospital managed autonomously by the settlers, after cuts to the medical budget during the Matsukata deflation. In 1906 Settlement Corporations were organised in Korea, including Busan, and the hospital was renamed the Hospital of the Settlement Corporation. (See Kim Jeong-Ran, \u2018Kaik\u014dki ni okeru Busan no Kindai Iry\u014d Shisetsu-Saisei Iing wo Ch\u016bshin toshite [Modern Sanitary Facilities in Busan during the Pre Colonial Period])\u2019, Shakaigaku Zasshi, 25, (2008), 87\u2013102."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r69","volume-title":"Plague Ports: The Global Urban Impact of Bubonic Plague, 1894\u20131901","author":"Echenberg","year":"2007"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Kindai Nihon no Kaik\u014dj\u014d ni okeru Densenby\u014d Ry\u016bk\u014d to Gaikokujin Kyory\u016bchi-1879nenKanagawaken Chih\u014d Eiseikaini yoru Korera Taisaku [Epidemic Diseases in Port Cities of Japan and Foreign Settlements in 1879]","volume":"117","author":"Ichikawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Shigaku Zasshi"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r101","unstructured":"Rogaski, op. cit. (note 67), 163."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r76","unstructured":"Sugimura, UiJu Deungjie Cholera Geomyeok Silsi Tongbo mit Ilbyeonge Hyeopjo Yocheong, Juhan Ilbon Gongsagwan Girok [The Cholera Epidemic in Uiju and the Request for Cooperation with the Japanese Military in the Prevention of Epidemics] (Balsin: Dairi K\u014dshi Sugimura Susin: Incheon Heitankan Takagi), 1895\/7\/11, available online at http:\/\/www.koreanhistory.or.kr\u00a0(accessed 31 May 2011)."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r78","unstructured":"Lee Ha-Yeong, Jeonyeombyeongeul wihan IlbonYukgunui Yocheonge Ttareuraneun Hulryeong Je 57 Ho, Dongrae-hang Bocheop [The Request for the Cooperation of the Japanese Army in the Prevention of Epidemics] (Balsin: Oebu Daesin Lee Ha-Yeong Susin: Dongrae Kamri Oh Gwi-Yeong), 1904\/6\/17, available online at http:\/\/www.koreanhistory.or.kr (accessed 31 May 2011)."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r45","unstructured":"Fusan-Fu, \u2018Gaimush\u014d no B\u014deki Hojo [Subsidy from the ministry of foreign affairs for the prevention of epidemics]\u2019, op. cit. (note 25), 322."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r83","unstructured":"\u2018Fusan Ken\u2019ekisho Setchi [Construction of the Maritime Quarantine Office in Busan]\u2019, Yomiurishinbun, 1907\/2\/5."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r86","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Iljeui Singminji Jibaewa Maeilsinbo 1910nyeondae (Japan\u2019s Colonisation of Korea and Maeilsinbo in 1910s)","author":"Yeoksa","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r93","first-page":"303","volume-title":"Hanguk Gaehanggi Dosi Sahoe Gyeongje Yeongu [A Study of Korean Society, Economy and Culture during the Pre Colonial Period]","author":"Jeong-Mok","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r50","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Kanhant\u014d","author":"Jumpei","year":"1905"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r58","unstructured":"Chonggwan Gongmun [Official Document from the Korean Customs] (Balsin: Dokbyen Tongri Gyoseop Tongsang Samu Susin: Seori Chongsemusa), 1890\/2\/29, available online at http:\/\/www.koreanhistory.or.kr (accessed 3 May 2012)."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r52","unstructured":"Song Geum-Yeong, op. cit. (note 42), 121."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r66","unstructured":"K\u014dseish\u014d, op. cit. (note 11), 41."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r104","unstructured":"Gilbert, op. cit. (note 19), 115; Huber, op. cit. (note 23)."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r99","unstructured":"Rogaski, op. cit. (note 67), 247."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r100","unstructured":"Nagayo Sensai , \u2018Bunmei to Eisei no Kankei ]The Relationship between Civilization and Hygienic Modernity]\u2019, Dai Nihon Shiritsu Eiseikai Zasshi, Dai 5G\u014d, 1883\/10."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r64","unstructured":"Yamamoto, op. cit. (note 5), 600\u20137."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r102","unstructured":"Yamamuro, op. cit. (note 2), 20\u20134."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r97","unstructured":"\u2018Amnokgangan mit Haeane Bangyeokeul Wihayeo [Prevention of Epidemics in the Yalu River and Seaside]\u2019, Maeilsinbo, 1911\/4\/7."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9781403981110_6"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r55","unstructured":"\u2018Ch\u014dsen Ts\u016bshin [Correspondence from Korea]\u2019, Yomiurishinbun, 1887\/8\/7."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001946469202900201"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r63","unstructured":"Worboys, op. cit. (note 20), 249."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r74","unstructured":"Hyeon Myeong-Un, Dongrae-hang Bocheop [Report of Busan Port] (Balsin: Dongrae Kamri Hyeon Myeong-Un Susin: Uijeongbu Chanjeong Oebu Daesin Choe Ha-Eung), 1901\/5\/18, available online at http:\/\/www.koreanhistory.or.kr\u00a0(accessed 31 May 2011)."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r54","unstructured":"Chonggwanraesin Gwangseo13nyeon5wol cho7il [Order from the Korean Customs] (Balsin: Tongjeong Daebu Hojo Chamuiham Gwanli Haegwansamu Chongsemusa Muk Hyeon-Ri Susin: Tongri Gyoseop Tongsang Samu Amun), 1887\/5\/7, available online at http:\/\/www.koreanhistory.or.kr\u00a0(accessed 5 November 2011)."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r88","first-page":"16","article-title":"Convention Sanitaire Internationale, Chap.II, Sec.III, Art.20","volume":"1","year":"1909","journal-title":"Bulletin de l\u2019Office International d\u2019Hygi\u00e8ne Publique"},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r82","unstructured":"\u2018Fusan K\u014dwan no Ken\u2019eki Ikan [Medical Practitioner of Maritime Quarantine in the Busan Port]\u2019, Yomiurishinbun, 1906\/7\/6."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r92","unstructured":"Yamamuro, op. cit. (note 2), 20."},{"key":"S0025727312001044_r75","first-page":"53","article-title":"Joseonmalui Cholera Yuhaeng, 1821\u20131910 [Cholera Epidemics in Korea during the Pre Colonial Period]","volume":"11","author":"Dong-Won","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hanguk Gwahak Sahoehakji"}],"container-title":["Medical History"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0025727312001044","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T20:00:06Z","timestamp":1715112006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0025727312001044\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,21]]},"references-count":104,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0025727312001044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/mdh.2012.104","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7273","2048-8343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7273","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-8343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,21]]}}}