{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:01:26Z","timestamp":1790240486813,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Med. Hist."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>US-based homeopathic practitioners in the latter half of the nineteenth century made a case for the efficacy of homeopathic remedies by invoking the scientific nature of their therapeutic approach, while also employing notions of spiritual efficacy. This simultaneous use of religion and science helped highlight the body\u2019s proclivity to heal in slow and sustainable ways that could be activated with the help of homeopathic remedies. By making a claim to adherence to natural laws and the body\u2019s innate ability to heal, homeopaths demonstrated the structured and rational ways in which the body healed. However, over time, by engaging with the medical orthodoxy in strictly scientific terms, it gradually lost its emphasis on psychology and belief in the healing experience, which explains why it would be relegated to a subordinate position, as a fringe or a pseudoscience, by the twentieth century.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/mdh.2026.10080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T08:17:33Z","timestamp":1790237853000},"page":"1-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Potions, principles, and the power within: healing between science and spirit in nineteenth-century America"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9809-0301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanaullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00g2xk477","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hunter College, City University of New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10912-009-9080-x"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref36","first-page":"16","volume-title":"Medicine in the Americas, 1610\u20131920","author":"Browning","year":"1894"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/shm\/hkx055"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref39","first-page":"21","volume-title":"An Address Delivered at the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the American Institute of Homeopathy: Held in the City of Philadelphia, June 6th, 1860","author":"McManus","year":"1860"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref40","first-page":"60","volume-title":"Homeopathy Demonstrated, and Young Physic Contrasted With Old Physic","author":"Peterson","year":"1856"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref42","first-page":"75","article-title":"The Decline of Homeopathy \u2013 The University of Iowa, 1878\u20131919","volume":"65","author":"Persons","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref45","first-page":"7","volume-title":"The Method of Our Work, Not Faith, Is the Basis of Organization of Medical Societies, American Institute of Homeopathy","author":"Wesselhoeft","year":"1880"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref27","volume-title":"Life, Disease and the Law of Cure","author":"Swazey","year":"1852"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref52","volume-title":"The Golden Bough","author":"Frazer","year":"1890"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1364847042000296581"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11673-014-9563-y"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511810855"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/9781487512637"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13648470500139957"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref19","volume-title":"Magic, Science, Religion, and the Scope of Rationality","author":"Tambiah","year":"1990"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref15","volume-title":"Phenomenology of Spirit","author":"Hegel","year":"1977"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref6","volume-title":"Homeopathy in America: The Rise and Fall of a Medical Heresy","author":"Kaufman","year":"1971"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref9","volume-title":"Copeland\u2019s Cure: Homeopathy and the War Between Conventional and Alternative Medicine","author":"Robins","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref50","first-page":"29","volume-title":"The Politics of Healing: Histories of Alternative Medicine in Twentieth-Century North America","author":"Kirschmann","year":"2004"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref46","first-page":"16","volume-title":"Drug Attenuation: Its Objects, Modes, Means, and Limits in Homeopathic Pharmacy and Posology","author":"Dake","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref4","volume-title":"Pseudoscience: The Conspiracy Against Science","author":"Kaufman","year":"2018"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1547565","article-title":"Die Dosologiedebatten in der Hom\u00f6opathie in Deutschland, den USA und Gro\u00dfbritannien im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert: ein kurzer \u00dcberblick","volume":"59","author":"Mildenberger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr klassische Hom\u00f6opathie"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref29","first-page":"9","article-title":"\u2018The Law of Cure: An Address Delivered Before the American Institute of Homeopathy at Its Sixth Annual Meeting, Held at Philadelphia, June 13, 1849","author":"Joslin","year":"1849","journal-title":"American Institute of Homeopathy"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781439804438"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref20","volume-title":"Spirit of Protestantism: Medicine, Healing and Liberal Christianity","author":"Klassen"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref28","first-page":"1","volume-title":"American Institute of Homeopathy","author":"Rodman","year":"1865"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref7","volume-title":"Political and Social Aspects of Nineteenth-Century Medicine in the United States: The Formation of the American Medical Association and Its Struggle With Homoeopathic and Eclectic Physicians","author":"Coulter","year":"1969"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref35","volume-title":"Materia Medica Pura","author":"Hahnemann","year":"1846"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref5","volume-title":"Pseudoscience: The Conspiracy Against Science","author":"Hecht","year":"2018"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref8","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Culture, Knowledge, and Healing: Historical Perspectives of Homeopathic Medicine in Europe and North America","author":"Warner","year":"1998"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref12","volume-title":"The Placebo Effect: An Interdisciplinary Exploration","author":"Harrington","year":"1997"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/200061"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref1","volume-title":"Subjective and Objective Symptoms: A Preliminary Lecture Delivered at the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia","author":"Raue","year":"1868"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref18","volume-title":"Animism: Respecting the Living World","author":"Harvey","year":"2006"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/shm\/15.2.303"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref3","volume-title":"On the Fringe: Where Science Meets Pseudoscience","author":"Gordin","year":"2022"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref23","volume-title":"The Science and Philosophy of the Organism","author":"Driesch","year":"1908"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref24","volume-title":"Magic, Science, Religion, and the Scope of Rationality","author":"Tambiah","year":"1990"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref16","volume-title":"Primitive Culture: Researches Into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom","author":"Tylor","year":"1871"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511810855"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref37","first-page":"20","volume-title":"The Chronic Diseases and their Specific Nature and Homeopathic Treatment","author":"Hahnemann","year":"1828\/1845"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref55","volume-title":"Medicine, Magic and Religion","author":"Rivers","year":"1924"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781439804438"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932022000384"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref43","volume-title":"A Vital Force: Women in American Homeopathy","author":"Kirschmann","year":"2004"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/shm\/hkn096"},{"key":"S0025727326100805_ref53","volume-title":"Magic, Science, Religion, and the Scope of Rationality","author":"Tambiah","year":"1990"}],"container-title":["Medical History"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0025727326100805","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T08:17:40Z","timestamp":1790237860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0025727326100805\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0025727326100805"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/mdh.2026.10080","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7273","2048-8343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7273","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-8343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}