{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T15:35:53Z","timestamp":1779204953830,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,29]],"date-time":"2015-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432857600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Neuropsychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0924270815000319_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prisoners categorised as \u2018dangerous\u2019 are a category of prisoners that require and\/or force into using special measures of caution, protection and security. The aim of the study was to examine the intensity of anxiety (as a state and as a trait) experienced by officers working with \u2018dangerous\u2019 prisoners and styles of coping with stress they adopt.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924270815000319_abs2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 40 officers working with \u2018dangerous\u2019 prisoners (the study group, SG) and 60 officers of the security department not working with \u2018dangerous\u2019 prisoners (the reference group, RG) were studied. The intensity of anxiety was assessed applying the Polish version of \u2018State-Trait Anxiety Inventory\u2019 (STAI); styles of coping with stress were explored employing the Polish version of \u2018Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations\u2019 (CISS) and the author\u2019s own questionnaire. Data were analysed using the mean, standard deviation, difference testing (the Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic> test), correlation\u2013regression procedure (Kendall\u2019s tau, \u03c4 correlation coefficient and forward stepwise multiple regression).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924270815000319_abs3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Officers in the SG faced verbal and physical aggression; nevertheless, scores of officers in both the groups were within the interval of mean scores for all the studied STAI and CISS variables. Officers in the SG achieved significantly higher scores on the state-anxiety scale and the Emotion-Oriented Style (EOS), and lower scores on the Task-Oriented Style (TOS) and Social Diversion (SD). The correlation-regression procedure indicated that there were relationships between anxiety and styles of coping with stress but they differed slightly between the groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924270815000319_abs4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Officers in the SG feel state anxiety stronger and display a stronger preference for the EOS than officers in the RG. Officers in the RG more strongly prefer the TOS and SD. State anxiety is a variable negatively explaining the TOS in the SG, whereas anxiety as a trait is a variable explaining the EOS in both the groups. The coping styles of warders dealing with dangerous prisoners are different and may need specific psychological counselling and training programmes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2015.31","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,29]],"date-time":"2015-05-29T04:56:27Z","timestamp":1432875387000},"page":"297-306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Anxiety and styles of coping with occupational stress resulting from work with \u2018dangerous\u2019 prisoners in prison service officers"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Tsirigotis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Gruszczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"P\u0119czkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0924270815000319_ref42","first-page":"337","article-title":"Radzenie sobie ze stresem w r\u00f3\u017cnych grupach s\u0142u\u017cb ratowniczych [Coping with stress in various groups of rescue services]","volume":"2","author":"Borys","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychiatria Polska"},{"key":"S0924270815000319_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2008.07.012"},{"key":"S0924270815000319_ref37","volume-title":"Occupational stress and coping among Irish prison officers: an exploratory examination","author":"Regan","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0924270815000319_ref35","first-page":"70","article-title":"Occupational burnout","volume":"47","author":"Adwell","year":"1985","journal-title":"Corrections Today"},{"key":"S0924270815000319_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2352(03)00003-5"},{"key":"S0924270815000319_ref34","first-page":"65","article-title":"Correctional officer stress: a cause for concern and additional help","volume":"62","author":"Finn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fed Probation"},{"key":"S0924270815000319_ref27","volume-title":"Inwentarz Stanu i Cechy L\u0119ku STAI [State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI]","author":"Sosnowski","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0924270815000319_ref25","volume-title":"Stres zawodowy w zawodach us\u0142ug spo\u0142ecznych [Occupational stress in social service professions]","author":"Ogi\u0144ska-Bulik","year":"2006"},{"key":"S0924270815000319_ref19","volume-title":"Podkultura wi\u0119zienna-wielowymiarowo\u015b\u0107 rzeczywisto\u015bci penitencjarnej [The prison subculture-the multidimensionality of penitentiary reality]","author":"Przybyli\u0144ski","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0924270815000319_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0398-7620(05)84583-3"},{"key":"S0924270815000319_ref15","volume-title":"Wybrane elementy sytuacji spo\u0142ecznej policjant\u00f3w a sposoby radzenia sobie w sytuacjach trudnych [Selected elements of the social situation of police officers and ways of coping with difficult situations]","author":"Korczy\u0144ski","year":"2003"},{"key":"S0924270815000319_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2352(96)00018-9"},{"key":"S0924270815000319_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/02683940510579803"},{"key":"S0924270815000319_ref12","volume-title":"Wi\u0119\u017aniowie \u201eniebezpieczni\u201d-ukryty \u015bwiat penitencjarny [\u2018Dangerous\u2019 Prisoners-the hidden penitentiary world]","author":"Przybyli\u0144ski","year":"2012"},{"key":"S0924270815000319_ref11","volume-title":"Izolacja wi\u0119zienna. Wybrane aspekty izolacji wi\u0119ziennej w percepcji wi\u0119\u017ani\u00f3w i personelu [Prison isolation. 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