{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T08:02:36Z","timestamp":1768291356609,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,5]],"date-time":"2017-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512432000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Neuropsychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0924270817000333_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aims of this study were to replicate previously published experiments and to modify the protocol to detect the effects of chronic antidepressant treatment in mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924270817000333_abs2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male Swiss mice (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=6\u20138\/group) housed in reversed light\/dark cycle were randomly assigned into receive vehicle (10% sucrose), sub-effective doses (1 and 3 mg\/kg) or effective doses (10 and 30 mg\/kg) of bupropion, desipramine, and fluoxetine and a candidate antidepressant, sodium butyrate (1\u201330 mg\/kg) per gavage (p.o.) 1 h before the forced swim test (FST). Treatments continued daily for 7 and 14 days during retests 1 and 2, respectively. In an additional experiment, mice received fluoxetine (20 mg\/kg) or vehicle (10% sucrose or 0.9% saline) p.o. or i.p. before the FST. Mice housed in reversed or standard light\/dark cycles received fluoxetine (20 mg\/kg) prior FST. Video recordings of behavioural testing were used for blind assessment of the outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924270817000333_abs3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>According to the expected, doses of antidepressants considered sub-effective failed to affect the immobility time of mice in the FST. Surprisingly, acute and chronic treatment with the high doses of bupropion, desipramine, and fluoxetine or sodium butyrate also failed to reduce the immobility time of mice in the FST. Fluoxetine 20 mg\/kg was also ineffective in the FST when injected i.p. or in mice housed in normal light\/dark cycle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924270817000333_abs4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data suggest the lack of efficacy of orally administered bupropion, desipramine, fluoxetine in the FST in Swiss mice. High variability, due to high and low immobility mice, may explain the limited effects of the treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2017.33","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,5]],"date-time":"2017-12-05T07:03:01Z","timestamp":1512457381000},"page":"158-167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Failure to detect the action of antidepressants in the forced swim test in Swiss mice"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Patrick R.","family":"Suman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalia","family":"Zerbinatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lais 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