{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:20:20Z","timestamp":1791433220148,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545091200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545091200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Neuropsychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924270818000273_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review the available literature on obsessive\u2013compulsive symptom (OCS)\/obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD) in patients with schizophrenia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924270818000273_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\">\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electronic searches were carried out to locate studies reporting various aspects of OCS\/OCD in patients with schizophrenia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924270818000273_abs3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Available evidence suggests that prevalence of OCS\/OCD in patients with schizophrenia is much higher than prevalence in general population and it is seen in all the stages of schizophrenia, starting from at risk mental state to chronic\/stabilisation\/deficit phases. Symptom profile of OCS\/OCD in schizophrenia is similar to that seen in patients with OCD only. Presence of OCS\/OCD is associated with higher severity of symptoms of schizophrenia and more negative outcome. At present there is very limited data on the efficacy\/effectiveness of various pharmacological measures and psychological interventions, for management of OCS\/OCD in patients with schizophrenia. There is some evidence pointing towards beneficial effect of certain antipsychotics, antidepressants and cognitive behaviour therapy. Management of OCS\/OCD in patients with schizophrenia involves proper assessment. If the OCS\/OCD is related to use of particular antipsychotic use, initial attempt must be made to reduce the dose of antipsychotics, however, if this is not effective, than addition of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs) must be considered. If the OCS\/OCD is not related to the use of antipsychotic medication, than depending up on the severity of psychotic symptoms, addition of SSRIs must be considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924270818000273_abs4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review suggests that OCS\/OCD is highly prevalent among patients with schizophrenia and there is limited good quality evidence to make any specific recommendations for management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2018.27","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T04:11:32Z","timestamp":1545106292000},"page":"63-73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Obsessive\u2013compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia: a review"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Grover","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swapnajeet","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indu","family":"Surendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref86","first-page":"385","article-title":"Clomipramine treatment of obsessive compulsive symptomatology in schizophrenic patients","volume":"54","author":"Zohar","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511686931.014"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e31823429bd"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref78","first-page":"1","article-title":"Distinct risk factors for obsessive and compulsive symptoms in chronic schizophrenia","author":"Fernandez-Egea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.05.006"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref74","unstructured":"World Health Organization . ICD-11 Beta Draft - mortality and morbidity statistics. Available at https:\/\/icd.who.int\/dev11\/l-m\/en. Accessed February 25, 2018."},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.07.012"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref70","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5\u00ae)","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2003.08.013"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20322"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7176.53308"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)90132-5"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881108099215"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.07r03618"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref100","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2014) Psychosis and schizophrenia in adults: prevention and management. Guidance and guidelines. London: The British Psychological Society and The Royal College of Psychiatrists. Available at https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg178. Accessed July 6, 2018."},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199508000-00012"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.143.4.530","article-title":"Concomitant obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizotypal personality disorder","volume":"143","author":"Jenike","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001823"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs123"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(99)00257-3"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/104454603322126313"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2012.05.011"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.07.048"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881112463470"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-199903000-00006"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511686931.013"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRA.0000000000000131"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(03)00039-3"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v3.i3.50"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800360042006"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200418140-00004"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n1104"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.91.383.166"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.119.2.106"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.10.003"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(99)00048-5"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01563119"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(00)00203-1"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09647040490510470"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref51","first-page":"219","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical characteristics of obsessive-compulsive disorder and obsessive compulsive symptoms in Afrikaner schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients","volume":"10","author":"Seedat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Afr J Psychiatry (Johannesbg)"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.6"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/comp.2002.30798"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0518c"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.2.271","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder","volume":"154","author":"Eisen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2011.03.005"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2004.08.012"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2007.07.031"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.11.1626f"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1139\/jpn.0527","article-title":"Comorbidity and pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in schizophrenia: is there evidence for a schizo-obsessive subtype of schizophrenia?","volume":"30","author":"Bottas","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711000419"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.01.017"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref35","first-page":"55","article-title":"Beyond the serotonin hypothesis: a role for dopamine in some forms of obsessive compulsive disorder?","volume":"51","author":"Goodman","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2004.09.004"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.7.962"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2013.00099"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2016-1959"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2007.02.019"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199803000-00003"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(99)00205-4"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbr077"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn135"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2008.11.023"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref53","first-page":"373","article-title":"Obsessive compulsive disorder with psychotic features","volume":"54","author":"Eisen","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e318184fafd"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.143.4.437","article-title":"The prognostic significance of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia","volume":"143","author":"Fenton","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-12952-5","volume-title":"Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Schizophrenia","author":"de Haan","year":"2015"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0831-0_17"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7893.2012.00377.x"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026988119701100102"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref29","first-page":"28","article-title":"Comorbidity between obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia: prevalence, explanatory theories, and nosological status","volume":"42","author":"Fr\u00edas-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Actas Esp Psiquiatr"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref71","volume-title":"The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines","year":"1992"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp148"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20262"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852916000390"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.1011"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200023338017"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2003\/782718"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.147.5.652","article-title":"Neuroleptic addition in fluvoxamine-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"147","author":"McDougle","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e3282fa6db9"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jnrp.jnrp_538_17"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30533"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.10.033"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.11m07164"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e31819cc8e6"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-014-0317-5"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref97","first-page":"CD004028","article-title":"Valproate for schizophrenia","volume":"11","author":"Schwarz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v6.i4.449"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000329455"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14r09129"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref104","first-page":"1","article-title":"Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia,second edition. American Psychiatric Association; Steering Committee on Practice Guidelines","volume":"161","author":"Lehman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref15","volume-title":"Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias","author":"Bleuler","year":"1956"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(01)00238-4"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2011.08.009"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref90","first-page":"291","article-title":"Treatment of obsessive compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia with fluoxetine","volume":"42","author":"Agarwal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810210034005"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref62","volume-title":"Handbook of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: phenotypic and endophenotypic presentations","author":"Ritsner","year":"2011)"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.05.031"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200008000-00004"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199506000-00009"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.5.1002"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2012-1035"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000806"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157015912799362724"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/317980"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbu169"},{"key":"S0924270818000273_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-014-0510-8"}],"container-title":["Acta Neuropsychiatrica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0924270818000273","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T15:42:47Z","timestamp":1775317367000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0924270818000273\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0924270818000273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/neu.2018.27","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-2708","1601-5215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-2708","type":"print"},{"value":"1601-5215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2018\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}