{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T09:11:35Z","timestamp":1768295495396,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,21]],"date-time":"2018-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521590400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Neuropsychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0924270818000042_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent observations demonstrate a significant ameliorative effect of add-on transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) in schizophrenia. Of the many SNPs, NRG1 rs35753505 and catechol-<jats:italic>o<\/jats:italic>-methyl transferase (COMT) rs4680 polymorphisms have shown to have a strong association with neuroplasticity effect in schizophrenia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924270818000042_abs2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Schizophrenia patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=32) with treatment resistant auditory hallucinations were administered with an add-on tDCS. The COMT (rs4680) and NRG1 (rs35753505) genotypes were determined. The COMT genotypes were categorised into Val group (GG; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=15) and Met group (GG\/AG; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=17) and NRG1 genotypes were categorised into AA group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=12) and AG\/GG group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=20).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924270818000042_abs3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The reduction in auditory hallucination sub-scale score was significantly affected by COMT-GG genotype [Time\u00d7COMT interaction: <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>(1,28)=10.55, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.003, \u0273<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=0.27]. Further, COMT-GG effect was epistatically influenced by the co-occurrence of NRG1-AA genotype [Time\u00d7COMT\u00d7NRG1 interaction: <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>(1,28)=8.09, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.008, \u0273<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=0.22]. Irrespective of genotype, females showed better tDCS response than males [Time\u00d7Sex interaction: <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>(1,21)=4.67, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.04, \u0273<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=0.18].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924270818000042_abs4\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>COMT-GG and NRG1-AA genotypes aid the tDCS-induced improvement in AVHs in schizophrenia patients. Our preliminary observations need replication and further systematic research to understand the neuroplastic gene determinants that modulate the effect of tDCS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2018.4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,21]],"date-time":"2018-03-21T05:01:52Z","timestamp":1521608512000},"page":"218-225","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Gene polymorphisms and response to transcranial direct current stimulation for auditory verbal hallucinations in 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