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It has also been shown that lipid peroxidation upregulates \u03b2-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression and subsequently promotes A\u03b2 peptide production. In the present study, we examined whether chronic exposure to the anti-HIV drugs tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and nevirapine induces lipid peroxidation thereby promoting BACE1 and A\u03b2 generation and consequently impair cognitive function in mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924270820000198_as2\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>TDF or nevirapine was orally administered to female BALB\/c mice once a day for 8 weeks. On the 7th week of treatment, spatial learning and memory were assessed using the Morris water maze test. The levels of lipid peroxidation, BACE1, amyloid \u03b2 1-42 (A\u03b21-42) and A\u03b2 deposits were measured in the hippocampal tissue upon completion of treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924270820000198_as3\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic administration of nevirapine induced spatial learning and memory impairment in the Morris water maze test, whereas TDF did not have an effect. TDF and nevirapine administration increased hippocampal lipid peroxidation and A\u03b21-42 concentration. Nevirapine further upregulated BACE1 expression and A\u03b2 deposits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924270820000198_as4\" sec-type=\"other\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that chronic exposure to TDF and nevirapine contributes to hippocampal lipid peroxidation and A\u03b2 accumulation, respectively, as well as spatial learning and memory deficits in mice even in the absence of HIV infection. These findings further support a possible link between ARV drug toxicity, A\u03b2 accumulation and the persistence of HANDs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2020.19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T09:16:18Z","timestamp":1588842978000},"page":"257-264","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Anti-HIV drugs promote \u03b2-amyloid deposition and impair learning and memory in BALB\/c 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