{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T21:50:09Z","timestamp":1747173009396,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619481600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Neuropsychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S0924270821000119_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional data show that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients often have increased levels of circulating inflammatory markers. There is, however, still a paucity of longitudinal studies with long follow-up times on levels of cytokines in such patients. The current study assesses patients with and without PTSD diagnosis 1 year after discharge from inpatient treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924270821000119_as2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients in treatment for serious non-psychotic mental disorders were recruited at the beginning of their treatment stay at a psychiatric centre in Norway. Ninety patients submitted serum samples and filled out the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-90 Revised Global Severity Index (HSCL-90R GSI) questionnaire during their mainstay and at a follow-up stay 1 year after discharge. Of these patients, 33 were diagnosed with PTSD, 48 with anxiety, depression, or eating disorder, while 9 patients had missing data. The patients were diagnosed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924270821000119_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>At the follow-up stay (T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>), PTSD patients had higher levels of GSI scores than non-PTSD patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.048). These levels were unchanged from the year before (T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) in both groups. The levels of circulating cytokines\/chemokine did not differ between the PTSD and non-PTSD patients at T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>. At T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, however, the PTSD and non-PTSD groups exhibited different levels of interleukin 1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.053), IL-1RA (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.042), and TNF-\u03b1 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.037), with the PTSD patients having the higher levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924270821000119_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite exhibiting different mental distress scores, the PTSD and non-PTSD patients did not differ regarding levels of circulating inflammatory markers at 1-year follow-up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2021.11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T08:26:29Z","timestamp":1619511989000},"page":"254-260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Persistent level of mental distress in PTSD patients is not reflected in cytokine levels 1 year after the treatment"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1372-1870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helge","family":"Toft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rgen","family":"Bramness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terje","family":"Tilden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingeborg","family":"Bolstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Lien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.146"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24869\/psyd.2017.407"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12820"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.08.015"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michopoulos, V , Beurel, E , Gould, F , Dhabhar, FS , Schultebraucks, K , Galatzer-Levy, I , Rothbaum, BO , Ressler, KJ and Nemeroff, CB (2019) Association of Prospective Risk for Chronic PTSD Symptoms With Low TNFalpha and IFNgamma Concentrations in the Immediate Aftermath of Trauma Exposure. American Journal of Psychiatry, appiajp201919010039.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19010039"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.09.012"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-008-0743-5"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21763-6"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.104491"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2010.4"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2004.00321.x"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2015.00049"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/PM.42.2.b"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.03.009"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.11.005"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref4","first-page":"13","article-title":"SCL-90","volume":"9","author":"Derogatis","year":"1973","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology Bulletin"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref5","first-page":"71","article-title":"Assessment and Diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder","volume":"28","author":"Foa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatric Times"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.12.005"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1677-z"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref32","first-page":"46","article-title":"Changes in immune and endocrine systems in posttraumatic stress disorder - prospective study","volume":"21","author":"Vidovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica. Officieel Wetenschappelijk Orgaan van Het IGBP (Interdisciplinair Genootschap voor Biologische Psychiatrie)"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref8","first-page":"2401","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"68","author":"Grinage","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00309-0"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref29","first-page":"23","article-title":"Cytokine concentrations are related to level of mental distress in inpatients not using anti-inflammatory drugs","volume":"32","author":"Toft","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica. Officieel Wetenschappelijk Orgaan van Het IGBP (Interdisciplinair Genootschap voor Biologische Psychiatrie)"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/irsp.90"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6163.2009.00229.x"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref24","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11091986"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099711"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000356552"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.05.018"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.116.183475"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-016-0111-x"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S173659"},{"key":"S0924270821000119_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2017.0088"}],"container-title":["Acta Neuropsychiatrica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0924270821000119","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T11:42:41Z","timestamp":1641901361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0924270821000119\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0924270821000119"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/neu.2021.11","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-2708","1601-5215"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0924-2708"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1601-5215"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}