{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T18:14:26Z","timestamp":1789582466760,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Neuropsychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S092427082300011X_as1\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cocaine-use disorder (CUD) has been associated with early life adversity and activated cellular immune responses. Women are most vulnerable to complications from chronic substance disorders, generally presenting an intense feeling of abstinence and consuming significant drug amounts. Here, we investigated neutrophil functional activities in CUD, including the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and related intracellular signalling. We also investigated the role of early life stress in inflammatory profiles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S092427082300011X_as2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood samples, clinical data, and history of childhood abuse or neglect were collected at the onset of detoxification treatment of 41 female individuals with CUD and 31 healthy controls (HCs). Plasma cytokines, neutrophil phagocytosis, NETs, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)s were assessed by flow cytometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S092427082300011X_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>CUD subjects had higher scores of childhood trauma than controls. Increased plasma cytokines (TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and IL-10), neutrophil phagocytosis, and production of NETs were reported in CUD subjects as compared to HC. Neutrophils of CUD subjects also produced high levels of intracellular ROS and had more activated Akt and MAPKs (p38\/ERK), which are essential signalling pathways involved in cell survival and NETs production. Childhood trauma scores were significantly associated with neutrophil activation and peripheral inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S092427082300011X_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study reinforces that smoked cocaine and early life stress activate neutrophils in an inflammatory environment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2023.11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T10:45:22Z","timestamp":1677494722000},"page":"97-108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cocaine-use disorder and childhood maltreatment are associated with the activation of neutrophils and increased inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Giselle A.","family":"Funchal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaqueline B.","family":"Schuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"Zaparte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Breno","family":"Sanvicente-Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiago W.","family":"Viola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9911-5921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Grassi-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2957-1352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mois\u00e9s E.","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.03.045","article-title":"Peripheral toxicity in crack cocaine use disorders","volume":"544","author":"Narvaez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20201129","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20201129","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2-triggered neutrophil extracellular traps mediate COVID-19 pathology","volume":"217","author":"Veras","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2015.5","article-title":"The role of inflammation in depression: from evolutionary imperative to modern treatment target","volume":"16","author":"Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-020-08804-7","article-title":"A review of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in disease: potential anti-NETs therapeutics","volume":"61","author":"Mutua","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/40.7.1299","article-title":"Simultaneous measurement of cocaine, cocaethylene, their metabolites, and \u201ccrack\u201d pyrolysis products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"40","author":"Cone","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100565","article-title":"IL-10 as a Th2 cytokine: differences between mice and humans","volume":"207","author":"Rasquinha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.09.009","article-title":"Desperately driven and no brakes: developmental stress exposure and subsequent risk for substance abuse","volume":"33","author":"Andersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02435","article-title":"Cocaine use disorder is associated with changes in Th1\/Th2\/Th17 cytokines and lymphocytes subsets","volume":"10","author":"Zaparte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092385","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria","volume":"303","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.08.006","article-title":"Severity of childhood trauma is predictive of cocaine relapse outcomes in women but not men","volume":"92","author":"Hyman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12476","article-title":"Dopamine and T cells: dopamine receptors and potent effects on T cells, dopamine production in T cells, and abnormalities in the dopaminergic system in T cells in autoimmune, neurological and psychiatric diseases","volume":"216","author":"Levite","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.3109\/08923970009016426","article-title":"Cocaine inhibits human neutrophil phagocytosis and phagolysosomal acidification in vitro","volume":"22","author":"Mukunda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3109\/08923979109019688","article-title":"Immunologic effects of cocaine and related alkaloids","volume":"13","author":"Delafuente","year":"1991","journal-title":"Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0124082","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124082","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein promotes TLR-4-dependent neutrophil extracellular trap formation by human neutrophils","volume":"10","author":"Funchal","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0675-0","article-title":"Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span","volume":"25","author":"Furman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3AB0815-379RR","article-title":"Nicotine induces neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"100","author":"Hosseinzadeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Leukocyte Biology"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12217","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment and inflammatory markers: a systematic review","volume":"129","author":"Coelho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-44462012000100006","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the sixth version of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6) in Brazil","volume":"34","author":"Kessler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9040915","article-title":"Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) take the central stage in driving autoimmune responses","volume":"9","author":"Fousert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03482.x","article-title":"Recent status scores for version 6 of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6)","volume":"106","author":"Cacciola","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-014-0070-x","article-title":"Exploring sex differences in drug use, health and service use characteristics among young urban crack users in Brazil","volume":"13","author":"Bertoni","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal for Equity in Health"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.106260","article-title":"Increased cortisol levels are associated with low treatment retention in crack cocaine users","volume":"103","author":"Ligabue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.274065144","article-title":"Pulmonary complications from cocaine and cocaine-based substances: imaging manifestations","volume":"27","author":"Restrepo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.10.953","article-title":"Childhood sexual abuse and adult psychiatric and substance use disorders in women: an epidemiological and cotwin control analysis","volume":"57","author":"Kendler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3399","article-title":"Neutrophil recruitment and function in health and inflammation","volume":"13","author":"Kolaczkowska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e141326","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.141326","article-title":"STAT4 is expressed in neutrophils and promotes antimicrobial immunity","volume":"6","author":"Mehrpouya-Bahrami","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3779-8","article-title":"Early abstinence of crack-cocaine is effective to attenuate oxidative stress and to improve antioxidant defences","volume":"232","author":"Zaparte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4618-7","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic value of interleukin-6, pentraxin 3, and procalcitonin levels among sepsis and septic shock patients: a prospective controlled study according to the Sepsis-3 definitions","volume":"19","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.11.003","article-title":"Childhood adversity and immune and inflammatory biomarkers associated with cardiovascular risk in youth: a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Slopen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.02.017","article-title":"Early life stress and tumor necrosis factor superfamily in crack cocaine withdrawal","volume":"53","author":"Levandowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.01963.x","article-title":"Crack use in North American cities: the neglected \u2018epidemic\u2019","volume":"102","author":"Fischer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201203170","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps: is immunity the second function of chromatin?","volume":"198","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref43","first-page":"638","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps as a potential source of autoantigen in cocaine-associated auto immunity","volume":"56","author":"Lood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatology (United Kingdom)"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1159\/000514885","article-title":"Interleukin 8 elicits rapid physiological changes in neutrophils that are altered by inflammatory conditions","volume":"13","author":"Bernhard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Innate Immunity"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-003-1525-8","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympatho-adreno-medullary responses during stress-induced and drug cue-induced cocaine craving states","volume":"170","author":"Sinha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02036","article-title":"Physiological stimuli induce PAD4-dependent, ROS-independent NETosis, with early and late events controlled by discrete signaling pathways","volume":"9","author":"Tatsiy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2020.18.1.32","article-title":"Elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in older adults with cocaine use disorder as a marker of chronic inflammation","volume":"18","author":"Soder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience: The Official Scientific Journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-017-1947-4","article-title":"Adverse effects of levamisole in cocaine users: a review and risk assessment","volume":"91","author":"Brunt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Archives of Toxicology"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2497-x","article-title":"In vivo evidence for extracellular DNA trap formation","volume":"11","author":"Yousefi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death and Disease"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13921","article-title":"Childhood traumatic experiences and the association with marijuana and cocaine use in adolescence through adulthood","volume":"113","author":"Scheidell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863734","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.863734","article-title":"Inflammatory markers in substance use and mood disorders: a neuroimaging perspective","volume":"13","author":"Agarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.2337\/db20-0585","article-title":"A multifunctional role of leucine-rich a-2-glycoprotein 1 in cutaneous wound healing under normal and diabetic conditions","volume":"69","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.2.209-219.2003","article-title":"Microbial infections, immunomodulation, and drugs of abuse","volume":"16","author":"Friedman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1086\/339012","article-title":"Cocaine enhances human immunodeficiency virus replication in a model of severe combined immunodeficient mice implanted with human peripheral blood leukocytes","volume":"185","author":"Roth","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12143","article-title":"The neurobiological correlates of childhood adversity and implications for treatment","volume":"128","author":"Tyrka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201545520","article-title":"Carrageenan-induced inflammation promotes ROS generation and neutrophil extracellular trap formation in a mouse model of peritonitis","volume":"46","author":"Barth","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.05.015","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate a host defense response to human immunodeficiency virus-1","volume":"12","author":"Saitoh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host and Microbe"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.119.314581","article-title":"Extracellular DNA net-works with dire consequences for health","volume":"125","author":"Sorvillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.024","article-title":"Cocaine abuse and effects in the serum levels of cytokines IL-6 and IL-10","volume":"158","author":"Moreira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13712","article-title":"Inflammation in psychiatric disorders: What comes first?","volume":"1437","author":"Bauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(98)00011-2","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the cocaine selective severity assessment","volume":"23","author":"Kampman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3218","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.5.3218","article-title":"IL-12, but not IL-18, is critical to neutrophil activation and resistance to polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture","volume":"177","author":"Moreno","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1081\/ADA-100103705","article-title":"Gender differences in cocaine craving among non-treatment-seeking individuals with cocaine dependence","volume":"27","author":"Elman","year":"2001","journal-title":"The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3390\/biology9020034","article-title":"Extracellular traps: an ancient weapon of multiple kingdoms","volume":"9","author":"Neumann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.04.008","article-title":"Childhood neglect and increased withdrawal and depressive severity in crack cocaine users during early abstinence","volume":"37","author":"Francke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.010","article-title":"Distinct behavioral and immunoendocrine parameters during crack cocaine abstinence in women reporting childhood abuse and neglect","volume":"167","author":"Levandowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.1","article-title":"Immune regulation by glucocorticoids","volume":"17","author":"Cain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218334","article-title":"Sex-based differences in multidimensional clinical assessments of early-abstinence crack cocaine users","volume":"14","author":"Sanvicente-Vieira","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12156","article-title":"Plasma profile of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in cocaine users under outpatient treatment: influence of cocaine symptom severity and psychiatric co-morbidity","volume":"20","author":"Araos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addiction Biology"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(97)00229-4","article-title":"Acute and chronic effects of cocaine on the immune system and the possible link to AIDS","volume":"83","author":"Baldwin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroimmunology"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.111.3.698","article-title":"Acute activation of circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils following in vivo administration of cocaine: a potential etiology for pulmonary injury","volume":"111","author":"Baldwin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-006-9023-5","article-title":"Drugs of abuse, immune modulation, and AIDS","volume":"1","author":"Cabral","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1590\/0047-2085000000066","article-title":"Propriedades psicom\u00e9tricas da Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment (CSSA) em mulheres usu\u00e1rias de crack","volume":"64","author":"Kluwe-Schiavon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1211601","article-title":"Requirements for NADPH oxidase and myeloperoxidase in neutrophil extracellular trap formation differ depending on the stimulus","volume":"92","author":"Parker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Leukocyte Biology"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.07.023","article-title":"Over-expression of CD8","volume":"180","author":"Zuluaga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.1251","article-title":"Immune system inflammation in cocaine dependent individuals: implications for medications development","volume":"27","author":"Fox","year":"2012","journal-title":"Human Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87118","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087118","article-title":"Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) in Brazilian samples of different age groups: findings from confirmatory factor analysis","volume":"9","author":"Grassi-Oliveira","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00302","article-title":"New insights into neutrophil extracellular traps: mechanisms of formation and role in inflammation","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.08.002","article-title":"Alcohol use disorder and circulating cytokines: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"89","author":"Adams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2297","article-title":"From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain","volume":"9","author":"Dantzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2016.18.4\/jbecker","article-title":"Sex differences in addiction","volume":"18","author":"Becker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.05.007","article-title":"Evidence for increased microglial priming and macrophage recruitment in the dorsal anterior cingulate white matter of depressed suicides","volume":"42","author":"Torres-Platas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Behavior and Immunity"},{"key":"S092427082300011X_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584116","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.584116","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid neutrophils drive inflammation through production of chemokines, reactive oxygen species, and neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"11","author":"Wright","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"}],"container-title":["Acta Neuropsychiatrica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S092427082300011X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T10:14:28Z","timestamp":1709892868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S092427082300011X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S092427082300011X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/neu.2023.11","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-2708","1601-5215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-2708","type":"print"},{"value":"1601-5215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}