{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T10:30:58Z","timestamp":1774866658069,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704326400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Neuropsychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S092427082300056X_as1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Both chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and opioids cause altered blood levels of cytokines. Previous studies have investigated levels of selected groups of cytokines in patients on opioid maintenance treatment. Little is known about the levels of multiple cytokines in patients with chronic HCV infection on opioid maintenance treatment. Our aim was to investigate the cytokine profile in patients with active HCV infection with and without opioid maintenance treatment.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S092427082300056X_as2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional study in an out-patients population included upon referral for antiviral hepatitis C infection treatment. The level of 27 cytokines was measured in serum using multiplex technology. Patients were interviewed using a modified version of the European addiction severity index. Data pertaining to weight, height, current medication, smoking habits, allergies, previous medical history and ongoing withdrawal symptoms were collected. Non-parametric testing was used to investigate differences in levels of cytokines between the two groups. A 3-model hierarchical regression analysis was used to analyse associations between cytokines and confounding variables.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S092427082300056X_as3\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Out of 120 included patients, 53 were on opioid maintenance treatment. Median duration of opioid treatment was 68.4 months. There were no demographical differences between the two groups other than age. IL-1\u03b2 was lower and eotaxin-1 higher in the group on opioid maintenance treatment than in the non-opioid group. No other inter-group differences in the remaining cytokine levels were found.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S092427082300056X_as4\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>In HCV infection patients, the impact of chronic opioid administration on peripheral circulating cytokine level is minimal.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2023.56","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T07:35:33Z","timestamp":1704353733000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cytokines in hepatitis C-infected patients with or without opioid maintenance therapy"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8181-906X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin","family":"Nygaard-Odeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hedda","family":"Soloy-Nilsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magnhild Gangsoy","family":"Kristiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ole Lars","family":"Brekke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom Eirik","family":"Mollnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5554-6946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Berk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorgen G.","family":"Bramness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terje","family":"Oiesvold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.913176"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1240636"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2012.07.001"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz661"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2020.12.020"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref20","first-page":"311","article-title":"The levels of IL-1beta, IL-4 and IL-6 in the serum and the liver tissue of chronic HCV-infected patients","volume":"49","author":"Lapi\u0144ski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref47","unstructured":"WHO, Model list of essential medicine [online] . Available https:\/\/list.essentialmeds.org\/?section=325&indication=year=age=sex= (accessed 23 May 2023)."},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13010128"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.03.007"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref36","first-page":"46","article-title":"Opioid use disorder induces oxidative stress and inflammation: the attenuating effect of methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"13","author":"Salarian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010315"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.013"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-3623(97)00435-7"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000499935"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000007519"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15257770.2021.1929317"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref3","unstructured":"Bech, AB (2022) Seraf rapport nr-2 2022 statusrapport 2021 [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.med.uio.no\/klinmed\/forskning\/sentre\/seraf\/publikasjoner\/rapporter\/2022\/seraf-rapport-nr-2-2022-statusrapport-2021.html (accessed 2 November 2022)."},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039486"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01962-13"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12551"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.10.009"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1912839117"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-2202"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.621931"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5055\/jom.2008.0005"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2015.0059"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-2239-x"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-4986-5"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.06.024"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2004.08.012"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.10.014"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref8","first-page":"251","article-title":"Serum cytokine levels as putative prognostic markers in the progression of chronic HCV hepatitis to cirrhosis","volume":"21","author":"Costantini","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Cytokine Network"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-071-7_7"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.712105"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32229-9"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref5","first-page":"9261","article-title":"Cytokinome profile evaluation in patients with hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"20","author":"Capone","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.018"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.12.053"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12998"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.12.010"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2008.08.001"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i34.7824"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00287-06"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(02)80065-0"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199509000-00008"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref22","volume-title":"The CBHSQ report","author":"Lipari","year":"2013"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10357"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200006000-00028"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.08.017"},{"key":"S092427082300056X_ref14","first-page":"14034948211043984","article-title":"Which illicit drugs are injected in Oslo? A study based on analysis of drug residues in used injection equipment and self-reported information","volume":"51","author":"Gjerde","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"}],"container-title":["Acta Neuropsychiatrica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S092427082300056X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T11:53:13Z","timestamp":1742817193000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S092427082300056X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S092427082300056X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/neu.2023.56","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-2708","1601-5215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-2708","type":"print"},{"value":"1601-5215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e46"}}