{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T22:44:46Z","timestamp":1765233886042,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Neuropsychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>This study aims to assess the correlation between NAA (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>-acetyl-<jats:italic>l-<\/jats:italic>aspartate), CHO (choline), and CRE (creatine) levels in the hippocampus regions of individuals suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and defensive styles of the ego.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <jats:p>The study group was composed of twenty patients with OCD and twenty healthy controls. NAA, CHO, and CRE values in the hippocampal region using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) were measured. Participants\u2019 defense styles were ascertained by administering the Defense Style Questionnaire-40.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <jats:p>The patient group\u2019s NAA levels were considerably lower than the control group\u2019s on both sides of the hippocampus. The levels of CHO and CRE did not significantly differ between the two groups. The following statistically significant correlations were discovered: in the comparison group, there were negative correlations between the scores of mature defense styles and the right and left CHO levels, as well as between the immature defense mechanism scores and the right NAA levels in both the patient and control groups. In the patient group, there were also negative correlations between the left NAA values and the scores of mature defense styles.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <jats:p>OCD patients have lower levels of NAA in the hippocampus. To validate and extend the current findings, more research involving a greater sample size is required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2024.33","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T04:41:53Z","timestamp":1727757713000},"page":"470-475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Relationship between defense styles and neurochemical variables of the hippocampus in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2772-4124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murad","family":"Atmaca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Firat University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8998-0743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet Gurkan","family":"Gurok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Firat University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7479-5622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammed Fatih","family":"Tabara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Firat University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6204-6392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanefi","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Firat University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0924270824000334_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380101600902"},{"key":"S0924270824000334_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.4.558"},{"key":"S0924270824000334_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(79)90104-7"},{"key":"S0924270824000334_ref21","first-page":"5","article-title":"The cross-national epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The Cross National Collaborative Group.","volume":"55","author":"Weissman","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924270824000334_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00286-3"},{"key":"S0924270824000334_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1283-6"},{"key":"S0924270824000334_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000306519304100409"},{"key":"S0924270824000334_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(00)00022-4"},{"key":"S0924270824000334_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2009.01993.x"},{"key":"S0924270824000334_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.22.1.105"},{"key":"S0924270824000334_ref23","first-page":"244","article-title":"Savunma bi\u00e7imleri testi\u2019nin psikometrik \u00f6zellikleri: g\u00fcvenilirlik ve ge\u00e7erlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131","volume":"18","author":"Y\u0131lmaz","year":"2007","journal-title":"T\u00fcrk Psikiyatri Dergisi"},{"key":"S0924270824000334_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007"},{"key":"S0924270824000334_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)00942-2"},{"key":"S0924270824000334_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.164.4.459"},{"key":"S0924270824000334_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(96)00517-3"},{"key":"S0924270824000334_ref9","article-title":"Adaptation and reliability of the structured clinical interview for DSM-5-disorders-clinician version (SCID-5\/CV) to the Turkish language","volume":"30","author":"Elbir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi"},{"key":"S0924270824000334_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(05)80030-2"},{"key":"S0924270824000334_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026988110101500208"},{"key":"S0924270824000334_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6792-2"},{"key":"S0924270824000334_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56"},{"key":"S0924270824000334_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199304000-00006"},{"key":"S0924270824000334_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.5.873"},{"key":"S0924270824000334_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380610"}],"container-title":["Acta Neuropsychiatrica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0924270824000334","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T14:34:38Z","timestamp":1759847678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0924270824000334\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0924270824000334"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/neu.2024.33","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-2708","1601-5215"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0924-2708"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1601-5215"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}