{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T17:48:56Z","timestamp":1792518536621,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731283200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Neuropsychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924270824000504_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tools based on generative artificial intelligence (AI) such as ChatGPT have the potential to transform modern society, including the field of medicine. Due to the prominent role of language in psychiatry, e.g., for diagnostic assessment and psychotherapy, these tools may be particularly useful within this medical field. Therefore, the aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on generative AI applications in psychiatry and mental health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924270824000504_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The search was conducted across three databases, and the resulting articles were screened independently by two researchers. The content, themes, and findings of the articles were qualitatively assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924270824000504_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The search and screening process resulted in the inclusion of 40 studies. The median year of publication was 2023. The themes covered in the articles were mainly mental health and well-being in general \u2013 with less emphasis on specific mental disorders (substance use disorder being the most prevalent). The majority of studies were conducted as prompt experiments, with the remaining studies comprising surveys, pilot studies, and case reports. Most studies focused on models that generate language, ChatGPT in particular.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924270824000504_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Generative AI in psychiatry and mental health is a nascent but quickly expanding field. The literature mainly focuses on applications of ChatGPT, and finds that generative AI performs well, but notes that it\u00a0is limited by significant safety and ethical concerns. Future research should strive to enhance transparency of methods, use experimental designs, ensure clinical relevance, and involve users\/patients in the design phase.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2024.50","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T01:36:03Z","timestamp":1731288963000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in psychiatry and mental health care: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1946-6687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Kolding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5992-2822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert M.","family":"Lundin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1113-4779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lasse","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8032-6208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f8ren Dinesen","family":"\u00d8stergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0924270824000504_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27807","DOI":"10.2196\/27807","article-title":"Development of a Positive Body Image Chatbot (KIT) With Young People and Parents\/Carers: Qualitative Focus Group Study","volume":"23","author":"Beilharz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"key":"S0924270824000504_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e48966","DOI":"10.2196\/48966","article-title":"ChatGPT vs google for queries related to dementia and other cognitive decline: comparison of results","volume":"25","author":"Hristidis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"key":"S0924270824000504_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2021.22"},{"key":"S0924270824000504_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261"},{"key":"S0924270824000504_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-023-03201-5","article-title":"Behind the chatGPT hype: are its suggestions contributing to addiction?","volume":"51","author":"Haman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"S0924270824000504_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr2214184","article-title":"Benefits, limits, and risks of GPT-4 as an AI chatbot for medicine","volume":"388","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"S0924270824000504_ref66","volume-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","volume":"30","author":"Vaswani","year":"2017"},{"key":"S0924270824000504_ref5","first-page":"215","article-title":"AI supporting AAC pictographic symbol adaptations","volume":"306","author":"Archambault","year":"2023","journal-title":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics"},{"key":"S0924270824000504_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e52113","DOI":"10.2196\/52113","article-title":"Assessing chatGPT\u2019s mastery of bloom\u2019s taxonomy using psychosomatic medicine exam questions: mixed-methods study","volume":"26","author":"Herrmann-Werner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"key":"S0924270824000504_ref52","unstructured":"OpenAI (2024b) Sora: creating video from text. 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