{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:28:23Z","timestamp":1790209703650,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":155,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Neuropsychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0924270825100185_as1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>The present study examines the quality of life (QoL) of transgender and gender-diverse individuals receiving versus not receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) in those assigned male at birth (AMAB) and assigned female at birth (AFAB). It also explores the relationship between QoL and concentrations of oestradiol and testosterone.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0924270825100185_as2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study used the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire to assess QoL. Participants were categorised into four groups based on assigned sex at birth (AMAB or AFAB) and GAHT status, with non-GAHT participants serving as controls. MANOVA and t-tests were used to compare QoL between groups, and linear regression analyses examined associations between QoL and oestradiol\/testosterone concentrations in AMAB and AFAB participants.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0924270825100185_as3\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>The study included 360 participants: 169 AMAB (143 receiving GAHT and 26 controls) and 191 AFAB (141\u00a0receiving GAHT and 50 controls). GAHT recipients had significantly higher QoL than controls in both AMAB (p &lt; 0.01) and AFAB (p = 0.02) groups, particularly in the psychological health domain (D2). AFAB participants reported higher overall QoL than AMAB in both GAHT (p = 0.01) and control (p = 0.04) groups, with significance in the social relationship domain among GAHT participants. No significant relationship was found between oestradiol concentrations and QoL for participants AMAB. However, a significant relationship between testosterone concentrations and QoL was observed only in the social relationship domain (D3) for participant AFAB.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0924270825100185_as4\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>This study highlights the benefits of GAHT for QoL and differences in QoL between individuals AMAB and AFAB.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2025.10018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T03:26:02Z","timestamp":1749093962000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Gender-affirming hormone therapy, quality of life, and the role of oestradiol and testosterone in transgender individuals"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4470-1001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma Elisabeth 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e68"}}