{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T00:49:52Z","timestamp":1793407792258,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":245,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Neuropsychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0924270825100380_as1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Extant literature indicated that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) may potentially reduce risk of opioid overdose in persons with opioid use disorders (OUDs). Herein, we conducted a comprehensive synthesis of the effects of GLP-1 and GLP-1 RAs on OUDs.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0924270825100380_as2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We examined preclinical and clinical paradigms examining the effects of GLP-1 and GLP-1 RAs on OUD and OUD-associated behaviours (i.e. opioid self-administration, opioid-seeking behaviour). Relevant articles were retrieved from OVID (MedLine, Embase, AMED, PsychINFO, and JBI EBP Database), PubMed, and Web of Science from database inception to 1 May 2025. Primary studies (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 10) examining the aforementioned effects associated with GLP-1 and GLP-1 RA administration were retrieved for analysis.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0924270825100380_as3\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>GLP-1 RAs (i.e. exenatide, liraglutide) reduced opioid-seeking behaviour (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and self-administration of opioid drugs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) in preclinical paradigms. In addition, results from human studies indicate that GLP-1 administration was associated with reducing the risk of opioid overdose in human studies (aIRR = 0.60, 95% CI [0.43, 0.83]).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0924270825100380_as4\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>GLP-1 RAs may affect opioid self-administration as well as the risk for overdose as evidenced by both preclinical and clinical data. There is a need for adequate well-controlled studies to determine whether GLP-1 RAs may provide clinically meaningful improvement and risk reduction in persons living with OUDs.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2025.10038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T08:23:39Z","timestamp":1756887819000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of opioid use disorders: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8786-1550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hezekiah C.T.","family":"Au","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"},{"name":"Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pak Ho","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fateen","family":"Kabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen Lily","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine E.","family":"Dri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gia Han","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"},{"name":"Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation"},{"name":"Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela T.H.","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation"},{"name":"University of Ottawa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"},{"name":"Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation"},{"name":"Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit"},{"name":"University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayla M.","family":"Teopiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4733-2523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger S.","family":"McIntyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0924270825100380_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-024-00527-9"},{"key":"S0924270825100380_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2022.08.023"},{"key":"S0924270825100380_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852925000124"},{"key":"S0924270825100380_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0000000000000805"},{"key":"S0924270825100380_ref26","unstructured":"National Institute of Health (2013) Study quality assessment tools. 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