{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:41:19Z","timestamp":1793148079349,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Neuropsychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924270825100501_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated whether aspirin and atorvastatin provide additional antidepressant effects in patients with major affective disorders and inflammatory dysregulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924270825100501_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three 12-week treatment groups, each receiving aspirin (100 mg\/day), atorvastatin (10 mg\/day), or a placebo, were randomly assigned to 14 patients (seven with major depressive disorder [MDD] and seven with bipolar disorder [BD]), as well as two additional groups of 17 patients (each with nine patients with MDD and eight patients with BD). All patients had Clinical Global Impressions scores \u22643 and met the criteria for inflammatory dysregulation (i.e., C-reactive protein (CRP) level \u2265 1,000 ng\/ml or soluble tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 receptor 1 (TNF-\u03b1R1) level \u2265 800 pg\/ml). The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Montgomery-Sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) were used to assess depressive symptoms, and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) was used to assess overall functioning. Baseline and week 12 CRP, TNF-\u03b1R1, and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924270825100501_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Generalised estimating equation models demonstrated a reduction in total HDRS (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and MADRS (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) scores and an increase in GAF scores (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) in the medication groups compared with the placebo group. Only atorvastatin increased anti-inflammatory cytokine sIL-2R levels (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Both atorvastatin (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and aspirin (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.025) raised proinflammatory cytokine sTNF-\u03b1R1 levels. Discussion: Aspirin and atorvastatin improved depressive symptoms and overall function in patients with major affective disorders. However, both medications raised TNF-\u03b1R1 levels, and only atorvastatin increased sIL-2R levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2025.10050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T07:30:21Z","timestamp":1769412621000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Aspirin and atorvastatin augmentation treatment in patients with major affective disorders and inflammatory dysregulation: a 12-week randomised Placebo-controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3779-9074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ya-Mei","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital"},{"name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju-Wei","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Jay","family":"Liou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6516-1073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mu-Hong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00723.x"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881115578160"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.18m12200"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12259"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1475-6"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01709-4"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.0147"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2336"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/2013.jamapsychiatry.4"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-1724-9"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30311-4"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-200607000-00005"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.01.004"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-018-0328-y"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.11.030"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.05.158"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2024.07.015"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13016"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101737"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871523013666140804225608"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI57132"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.039"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2007.11.012"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852921000729"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1976.01770060086012"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.133.5.429"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.08.078"},{"key":"S0924270825100501_ref32","first-page":"270","article-title":"Selective 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press or the rights holder(s) must be obtained prior to any commercial use.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e12"}}