{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:38:28Z","timestamp":1785429508300,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":95,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Neuropsychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924270826100714_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Early economic evaluations (EEE) can evaluate the economic potential of new innovative healthcare solutions. We present a methodological framework for EEE in bipolar disorder and use eLi\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      as an illustrative case, a new method to estimate 12-h lithium blood levels when blood sampling deviates from the 12-h timing, enabling more flexibility for patients and better data on 12-h lithium levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924270826100714_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A decision-analytic model evaluated the costs and consequences of eLi\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      for the treatment of bipolar disorder from a Danish national healthcare payer perspective, assessing the minimum efficacy threshold where eLi\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      would be considered cost-effective compared with standard of care. The primary outcome was net monetary benefit (NMB), and we estimated quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) assuming a willingness-to-pay threshold of \u20ac67,000\/QALY gained. Costs associated with bipolar disorder and lithium treatment (e.g. hospitalisations, suicides, lost productivity, implementation costs) were estimated from literature, Danish registries, and expert opinion.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924270826100714_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Assuming 28,000 patients with bipolar disorder whereof 10,000 are treated with lithium, a 2.5% reduction in number of hospitalisations and suicides are sufficient for eLi\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      to be considered cost-effective within one year of implementation. When using a longer time horizon, allowing more savings to be included and thus considering a smaller improvement to be sufficient, less than 1% improvement by using eLi\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      would be sufficient within a three-year time horizon.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924270826100714_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      EEE can evaluate the health economic potential of new innovative methods, supporting early investment decisions and guiding research. eLi\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      can have significant healthcare savings, emphasising the relevance of studying clinical implementation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2026.10071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T11:22:57Z","timestamp":1775474577000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early health economic assessment of eLi\n                    <sub>12<\/sub>\n                    , a new method to estimate 12-h lithium levels when blood sampling deviates from 12 h"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5121-1287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ole","family":"K\u00f6hler-Forsberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040r8fr65","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Aarhus University Hospital"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01aj84f44","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Aarhus University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0136-8627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thea Kirkegaard","family":"Kj\u00e6r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nordic Institute of Health Economics A\/S"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Nierenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Bschor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital, Technical University of Dresden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars Vedel","family":"Kessing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Kraft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01aj84f44","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Aarhus University"},{"name":"Aarhus University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Ehlers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nordic Institute of Health Economics A\/S"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0924270826100714_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.18588"},{"key":"S0924270826100714_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32316-5"},{"key":"S0924270826100714_ref38","unstructured":"Sundhedsdatastyrelsen (2025)) Medstat. 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