{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T20:58:19Z","timestamp":1773694699867,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Res. synth. methods"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Limited evidence on relative effectiveness is common in Health Technology Assessment (HTA), often due to sparse evidence on the population of interest or study-design constraints. When evidence directly relating to the policy decision is limited, the evidence base could be extended to incorporate indirectly related evidence. For instance, a sparse evidence base in children could borrow strength from evidence in adults to improve estimation and reduce uncertainty. In HTA, indirect evidence has typically been either disregarded (\u2018splitting\u2019; no information-sharing) or included without considering any differences (\u2018lumping\u2019; full information-sharing). However, sophisticated methods that impose moderate degrees of information-sharing have been proposed. We describe and implement multiple information-sharing methods in a case-study evaluating the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and value of further research of intravenous immunoglobulin for severe sepsis and septic shock. We also provide metrics to determine the degree of information-sharing. Results indicate that method choice can have significant impact. Across information-sharing models, odds ratio estimates ranged between 0.55 and 0.90 and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios between \u00a316,000\u201352,000 per quality-adjusted life year gained. The need for a future trial also differed by information-sharing model. Heterogeneity in the indirect evidence should also be carefully considered, as it may significantly impact estimates. We conclude that when indirect evidence is relevant to an assessment of effectiveness, the full range of information-sharing methods should be considered. The final selection should be based on a deliberative process that considers not only the plausibility of the methods\u2019 assumptions but also the imposed degree of information-sharing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/rsm.2024.17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T09:06:59Z","timestamp":1741597619000},"page":"291-307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Methods for information-sharing in network meta-analysis: Implications for inference and policy"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9008-6896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios F.","family":"Nikolaidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7669-9415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beth","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7268-2560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3003-9403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylwia","family":"Bujkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1579-8513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta O.","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1759287924000176_r25","unstructured":"[25] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Guide to the Methods of Technology Appraisal 2013. NICE Process and Methods Guides. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; 2013."},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X04263162"},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r14","first-page":"1201","article-title":"Treatment of neonatal sepsis with intravenous immune globulin","volume":"365","author":"Brocklehurst","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med."},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X15570113"},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r20","volume-title":"Bayesian Approaches to Clinical Trials and Health-Care Evaluation","author":"Spiegelhalter","year":"2004"},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r23","unstructured":"[23] MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge. MRC Biostatistics Unit. The BUGS Project; 2010."},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r27","volume-title":"Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes","author":"Drummond","year":"2015"},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1875"},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r18","first-page":"46","article-title":"Power prior distributions for regression models","volume":"15","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stat. Sci."},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Inpatient care for septicemia or sepsis: A challenge for patients and hospitals","volume":"62","author":"Hall","year":"2011","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r13","first-page":"535","article-title":"Adjuvant therapy in septic neonates with immunoglobulin preparations containing Ig isotypes in addition to IgG: A critical review of current literature","volume":"21","author":"Capasso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r5","unstructured":"[5] Food and Drug Administration. Leveraging Existing Clinical Data for Extrapolation to Pediatric Uses of Medical Devices. Food and Drug Administration; 2016."},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r10","unstructured":"[10] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Sepsis: Recognition, Assessment and Early Management (NICE Guideline 51). National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; 2016."},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta16070"},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1761"},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rssc.12275"},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-021-01399-3"},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r1","volume-title":"CRD\u2018s Guidance for Undertaking Reviews in Health Care","year":"2008"},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280215611702"},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198526629.001.0001"},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7991"},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177729694"},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-985X.2005.00377.x"},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rssa.12010"},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-021-01292-z"},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r6","volume-title":"Borrowing Strength from \u2018Indirect\u2019 Evidence: Methods and Policy Implications for Health Technology Assessment","author":"Nikolaidis","year":"2020"},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r4","unstructured":"[4] European Medicines Agency. Reflection Paper on the Use of Extrapolation in the Development of Medicines for Paediatrics\u2014EMA\/189724\/2018. European Medicines Agency; 2018."},{"key":"S1759287924000176_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1177011136"}],"container-title":["Research Synthesis Methods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1759287924000176","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T02:04:55Z","timestamp":1747101895000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1759287924000176\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1759287924000176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/rsm.2024.17","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-2879","1759-2887"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-2879","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-2887","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}}}