{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T10:31:43Z","timestamp":1791109903093,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]],"date-time":"2010-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1285891200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Hist Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Drawing on the rich but mostly overlooked history of Guatemala's anti-smallpox campaigns in the 1780s and 1790s, this paper interweaves an analysis of the contribution of colonial medical knowledges and practical experiences with the construction and implementation of imperial science. The history of the anti-smallpox campaigns is traced from the introduction of inoculation in Guatemala in 1780 to the eve of the Spanish Crown-sponsored Royal Maritime Vaccination Expedition in 1803. The paper first analyses the development of what Guatemalan medical physician Jos\u00e9 Flores called his \u2018local method\u2019 of inoculation, tailored to material and cultural conditions of highland Maya communities, and based on his more than twenty years of experience in anti-smallpox campaigns among multiethnic populations in Guatemala. Then the paper probes the accompanying transformations in discourses about health through the anti-smallpox campaigns as they became explicitly linked to new discourses of moral responsibility towards indigenous peoples. With the launch of the Spanish Vaccination Expedition in 1803, anti-smallpox efforts bridged the New World, Europe and Asia, and circulated on a global scale via the enactment of imperial Spanish health policy informed, in no small part, by New World and specifically colonial Guatemalan experiences with inoculation in multiethnic cities and highland Maya towns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s000708741000124x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]],"date-time":"2010-10-01T06:12:16Z","timestamp":1285913536000},"page":"519-537","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Circulating smallpox knowledge: Guatemalan doctors, Maya Indians and designing Spain's smallpox vaccination expedition, 1780\u20131803"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"MARTHA","family":"FEW","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S000708741000124X_ref12","volume-title":"How to Write a History of the New World: Histories, Epistemologies, and Identities in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World","author":"Ca\u00f1izares-Esguerra","year":"2001"},{"key":"S000708741000124X_ref7","volume-title":"Las ciencias m\u00e9dicas en Guatemala","author":"Dur\u00e1n","year":"1964"},{"key":"S000708741000124X_ref6","volume-title":"The Eighteenth-Century Enlightenment in the University of San Carlos Guatemala","author":"Lanning","year":"1956"},{"key":"S000708741000124X_ref1","volume-title":"Pox Americana: The Great Smallpox Epidemic of 1775\u20131782","author":"Fenn","year":"2001"},{"key":"S000708741000124X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/shm\/13.3.411"},{"key":"S000708741000124X_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhmas\/XXXVII.4.423"},{"key":"S000708741000124X_ref3","volume-title":"Colonizing the Body: State Medicine and Epidemic Disease in Nineteenth-Century India","author":"Arnold","year":"1993"},{"key":"S000708741000124X_ref8","first-page":"169","volume-title":"Santiago de Guatemala: City, Caste, and the Colonial Experience","author":"Lutz","year":"2004"},{"key":"S000708741000124X_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/00141801-51-1-45"},{"key":"S000708741000124X_ref11","first-page":"18","volume-title":"Introducci\u00f3n de la vacuna en Am\u00e9rica (Expedici\u00f3n de Balmis)","author":"Moreno","year":"1947"},{"key":"S000708741000124X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1006158"},{"key":"S000708741000124X_ref9","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Instrucci\u00f3n sobre el modo de practicar la inoculaci\u00f3n de las viruelas, y el m\u00e9todo para curar esta enfermedad acomodado a la naturaleza y modo de vivir los Indios del reyno de Guatemala","author":"Flores","year":"1793"}],"container-title":["The British Journal for the History of Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S000708741000124X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,27]],"date-time":"2019-04-27T16:46:25Z","timestamp":1556383585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S000708741000124X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S000708741000124X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s000708741000124x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-0874","1474-001X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0874","type":"print"},{"value":"1474-001X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]}}}