{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T14:48:35Z","timestamp":1784126915425,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729468800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":142,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Hist Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article explores medical diplomacy as a means of navigating distinct but related nation-building and internationalist projects during the Cold War. It examines how medical professionals from the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) utilized their expertise to bolster foreign relations and assert national independence. This article focuses on how three tuberculosis (TB) specialists \u2013 \u0110\u1eb7ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tr\u1ea1ch, Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u1ecdc Th\u1ea1ch and Ph\u1ea1m Kh\u0103\u0301c Qu\u1ea3ng \u2013 adopted, adapted and circulated techniques of TB control, including a modified version of bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccine. Amidst these endeavours, these medical-doctors-cum-diplomats navigated various forms of internationalism while soliciting medical assistance. Their roles within the DRV's state apparatus were prominently showcased from the 1950s to the 1970s, particularly at international gatherings such as the conferences of Ministers of Health of the Socialist Countries (MOHOSC). Because of the political complexities inherent in socialist internationalism, these conferences provided a crucial platform for dialogue among socialist nations when other avenues were limited. Consequently, the DRV's medical experts cultivated goodwill and garnered political support, despite encountering mixed results in their TB control initiatives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007087424000487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T08:51:02Z","timestamp":1729500662000},"page":"205-220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Performing national independence through medical diplomacy: tuberculosis control and socialist internationalism in Cold War Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Michitake","family":"Aso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007087424000487_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7591\/9781501735585"},{"key":"S0007087424000487_ref13","volume-title":"Vietnam's Communist Revolution: The Power and Limits of Ideology","author":"Vu","year":"2017"},{"key":"S0007087424000487_ref21","first-page":"132","volume-title":"Thirtieth World Health Assembly, Geneva, 2\u201319 May 1977","year":"1977"},{"key":"S0007087424000487_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1740022819000032"},{"key":"S0007087424000487_ref16","first-page":"55","article-title":"mission civilisatrice","volume":"2","author":"Monnais","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies"},{"key":"S0007087424000487_ref8","first-page":"1","article-title":"What is an epidemic? AIDS in historical perspective","volume":"118","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Daedalus"},{"key":"S0007087424000487_ref5","volume-title":"Fighting for Health: Medicine in Cold War Southeast Asia","author":"Hong","year":"2024"},{"key":"S0007087424000487_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0971721813498494"},{"key":"S0007087424000487_ref14","volume-title":"Cold War Germany, the Third World, and the Global Humanitarian Regime","author":"Young-sun","year":"2015"},{"key":"S0007087424000487_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400843381"},{"key":"S0007087424000487_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/actrade\/9780199340071.001.0001"},{"key":"S0007087424000487_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/ahr.117.3.671"},{"key":"S0007087424000487_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/jwh.2019.0011"},{"key":"S0007087424000487_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-32570-5"},{"key":"S0007087424000487_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/bhm.2012.0059"},{"key":"S0007087424000487_ref12","first-page":"245","volume-title":"Internationalisms: A Twentieth-Century History","author":"Amrith","year":"2017"},{"key":"S0007087424000487_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108951746"},{"key":"S0007087424000487_ref9","volume-title":"A History of Plague in Java, 1911\u20131942","author":"Meerwijk","year":"2022"},{"key":"S0007087424000487_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0010417511000600"},{"key":"S0007087424000487_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/bhm.1998.0158"},{"key":"S0007087424000487_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3342317"},{"key":"S0007087424000487_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2703.204253","article-title":"Decline of tuberculosis burden in Vietnam measured by consecutive national surveys, 2007\u20132017","volume":"27","author":"Viet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"}],"container-title":["The British Journal for the History of Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007087424000487","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T09:40:49Z","timestamp":1737452449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007087424000487\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007087424000487"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0007087424000487","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-0874","1474-001X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0874","type":"print"},{"value":"1474-001X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of British Society for the History of Science","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the same Creative Commons licence is included and the original work is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}